In an actual measurement of random fluctuations, e.g., sound, light and electromagnetic (abbr., EM) fluctuation waves, the measured data are very often processed in a level-quantized form at discrete time intervals. In this paper, a unified explicit expression for the probability function with level-quantized random variables for an arbitrary random fluctuation wave is theoretically derived in ...

We show that a continuous set of degenerate critical soft modes strongly enhances the first-order character of a fluctuation-induced first-order transition in the pyrochlore dipolar Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Such a degeneracy seems essential to explain the strong first-order transition recently observed in Gd2Sn2O7. We present some evidence from Monte Carlo simulations and a perturbative reno...

The off-equilibrium purely dissipative dynamics (model A) of the O(N) vector model is considered at criticality in an epsilon=4-d>0 expansion up to O(epsilon(2)). The scaling behavior of two-time response and correlation functions at zero momentum, the associated universal scaling functions and the nontrivial limit of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio are determined in the aging regime.

abstract in order to investigate density fluctuation and spatial distribution of the main aphidophagous predators and develop a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan, a weekly sweepnet sampling was conducted at five winter wheat fields in gorgan region in northern iran, during two growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. spatial distribution of the predators was described by fitting data to poisson...

The fluctuation pressure that an infinitely extended fluid membrane exerts on two enclosing parallel hard walls is computed. Variational perturbation theory is used to extract the hard-wall limit from a perturbative expansion through six loops obtained with a smooth wall potential. Our result alpha=0.0821 +/- 0.0005 for the constant conventionally parametrizing the pressure lies above earlier M...

The stock price has long been an essential issue in stock market analysis, while rarely had any relevant study covered the relational effect of the bidder factor on stock price. Hereby we try to find an association between bid and transaction price time series. The fluctuation of pattern ratios embedded in the bid series affects the fluctuation of transaction price. That means when there is sma...