The purpose of this study was to evaluate how time-dependent waterline flushing affects the presence of biofilm in otherwise-untreated dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). Water samples were obtained from twelve highspeed handpiece DUWLs located in the undergraduate treatment clinic at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry. Baseline water samples (50 cc) were collected prior to...

OBJECTIVE Nicotinic acid (also known as niacin or vitamin B3), widely used to treat dyslipidemias, represents an effective and safe means to reduce the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, a substantial fraction of patients discontinue treatment because of a strong side effect of cutaneous vasodilation, commonly termed flushing. In the present study, we tested the hypothe...

Flushing describes episodic attacks of redness of the skin together with a sensation of warmth or burning of the face, neck, and less frequently the upper trunk and abdomen. It is the transient nature of the attacks that distinguishes flushing from the persistent erythema of photosensitivity or acute contact reactions. Repeated flushing over a prolonged period of time can lead to telangiectasia...

Germination was evaluated as an enhancement to decontamination methods for removing Bacillus spores from drinking water infrastructure. Germinating spores before chlorinating cement mortar or flushing corroded iron was more effective than chlorinating or flushing alone.

There are effective vaccines against multiple extracellular bacterial pathogens, many of which contain surface antigens or toxoids of potent secreted exotoxins. But despite successful preclinical studies and multiple human trials using Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens as vaccine candidates, none have protected humans against S. aureus infections. In 2007, the CDC published that S. aureus ...

Sediment flushing of reservoirs is an operational technique, whereby previously accumulated sediments in the reservoirs are hydraulically removed by accelerated flow when the bottom desiltingoutlets of the dam are opened. In this research, the process of sediment flushing is simulated by a three dimensional numerical model in which sediment and flow interaction are reflected in the reservoirs. ...

Nicotinic acid (niacin) has long been used as an antidyslipidemic drug. Its special profile of actions, especially the rise in HDL-cholesterol levels induced by nicotinic acid, is unique among the currently available pharmacological tools to treat lipid disorders. Recently, a G-protein-coupled receptor, termed GPR109A (HM74A in humans, PUMA-G in mice), was described and shown to mediate the nic...

Studies about sediment erosion were mainly concentrated on the river channel sediment, the terrestrial sediment, and the underground sediment. The transport process of underground sediment is studied in the paper. The concept of the flush potential sediment is founded. The transport equation with stable saturated seepage is set up, and the relations between the flush potential sediment and wate...

Diarrhoea and skin flushing are characteristic features of the carcinoid syndrome. The diarrhoea is thought to be caused mainly by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (Grahame-Smith, 1972) whereas the possible causes of the flushing attacks include bradykinin (Oates et al., 1964), prostaglandins (Sandler, Karim and Williams, 1968; Kaplan et al., 1973) 5-HT (Page and McCubbin, 1953) and noradrenaline and...

Booting” and “flushing” are terms used to describe an injecting behaviour in which the plunger is pulled back and the fluid (mostly blood and perhaps blood only) is re-injected. The behaviour differs from “registering,” which occurs before the drug is injected. Booting/flushing can produce subcutaneous and venous damage, and increases the risk for the spread of blood-borne viruses when used equ...