computational intelligence approaches have gradually established themselves as a popular tool for forecasting the complicated financial markets. forecasting accuracy is one of the most important features of forecasting models; hence, never has research directed at improving upon the effectiveness of time series models stopped. nowadays, despite the numerous time series forecasting models propos...

Exchange rate policy has assumed an added importance in recent years due to changing global economic conditions. This paper has examined the foreign exchange reserves, real and effective exchange rate response of imports demand in Pakistan using both classical and time series econometrics approaches. The real depreciation of the exchange rate has been found to have dampening impact on import de...

In this article, real exchange rate behavior and its effects on macroeconomic variables are studied by explaining two models; impulse function and forecasting predicted error decomposition. Studies show that high artificial currency value has caused domestic and foreign accounts equilibrium disturbance and foreign income decrease due to the slackening of commercial and agricultural activities, ...