Understanding the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has become a central issue in ecology and conservation biology studies, particularly when these relationships are connected with global climate change and species extinction. However, which facets of biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) account most for variations in productivity are...

BACKGROUND The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered one of the hotspots for conservation, comprising remnants of rain forest along the eastern Brazilian coast. Its native inhabitants in the Southeastern coast include the Caiçaras (descendants from Amerindians and European colonizers), with a deep knowledge on the natural resources used for their livelihood. METHODS We studied the use of th...

This paper proposes a simple yet effective framework for semi-supervised dependency parsing at entire tree level, referred to as ambiguity-aware ensemble training. Instead of only using 1best parse trees in previous work, our core idea is to utilize parse forest (ambiguous labelings) to combine multiple 1-best parse trees generated from diverse parsers on unlabeled data. With a conditional rand...

This paper presents the first dependency model for a shift-reduce CCG parser. Modelling dependencies is desirable for a number of reasons, including handling the “spurious” ambiguity of CCG; fitting well with the theory of CCG; and optimizing for structures which are evaluated at test time. We develop a novel training technique using a dependency oracle, in which all derivations are hidden. A c...

Representing interactions between variables in large data sets in an understandable way is usually important and hard task. This article presents a methodology how a linear dependency structure between variables can be constructed from multivariate data. The dependencies between the variables are specified by multiple linear regression models. A sparse regression algorithm and bootstrap based r...

Tree-to-string systems (and their forestbased extensions) have gained steady popularity thanks to their simplicity and efficiency, but there is a major limitation: they are unable to guarantee the grammaticality of the output, which is explicitly modeled in string-to-tree systems via targetside syntax. We thus propose to combine the advantages of both, and present a novel constituency-to-depend...