Body weight, length, and vocal tract length were measured for 23 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of various sizes using radiographs and computer graphic techniques. linear predictive coding analysis of tape-recorded threat vocalizations were used to determine vocal tract resonance frequencies ("formants") for the same animals. A new acoustic variable is proposed, "formant dispersion," which sh...

A multivariate-state HMM | an HMM with a vector state variable | can be used to nd jointly optimal phonetic and formant transcriptions of an utterance. The complexity of searching a multivariate state space using the BaumWelch algorithm is substantial, but may be signi cantly reduced if the formant frequencies are assumed to be conditionally independent given knowledge of the phone. Operating w...

A multivariat,e-state HMM an HMM with a vector state variable can be used to find jointly optimal phonetic and formant transcriptions of an utterance. The complexity of searching a multivariate state space using the BaumWelch algorithm is substantial, but may be significantly reduced if the formant frequencies are assumed to be conditionally independent given knowledge of the phone. Operating w...

Speech emotion can add extra information to speech in comparison with available textual information. However, it can also lead to some problems in the automatic speech recognition process. We evaluated the changes in speech parameters, i.e. formant frequencies and pitch frequency, due to anger and grief for Farsi language in a former research. Here, using those results, we try to improve emotio...

The paper investigates the developmental change in formant frequencies (F1F2) of the vowels [i u ɛ ɔ a] in Cantonese male and female children of the ages ranging from 4 to 12. Results show that (i) a decrease in formant frequencies and vowel loop area is a function of age and the change is a gradual process; (ii) the developmental change with age is non-uniform across vowel types and formants, ...

The present study examined the possible relationship between classification of professional singing voices and their vocal tract parameters including vocal tract length and volume, and vowel formant frequencies. Acoustic reflection technology (ART) was used to measure vocal tract length and volume of 107 professional singers: 32 tenors, 25 baritones, 27 sopranos, and 23 mezzo-sopranos. The firs...

The topic of this paper is formant frequency prediction using multiple linear regression. This technique provides robust formant frequency estimates but with limited precision. We apply this approach to predict formant frequencies of one male speaker comparing three different spectral representations. Mel scaled filterbanks are shown to perform slightly better than linear prediction based cepst...

Using a known speaker-intrinsic normalization procedure, formant data are scaled by the reciprocal of the geometric mean of the first three formant frequencies. This reduces the influence of the talker but results in a distorted vowel space. The proposed speaker-extrinsic procedure re-scales the normalized values by the mean formant values of vowels. When tested on the formant data of vowels pu...