When trying to model molecular processes, one often comes against the problem of how to compensate between scales. On one hand, there is the fact that observable phenomena occur at the macroscopic scale, and so often times we average out the interactions to get a general equation for our appropriate scale. On the other hand, the microscopic interactions can and do perform interactions with each...

A formulation for finite element analysis of tapered and  monosymmetric I shaped beam-columns is presented. This is a general way to analyze these types of complex elements. Based upon the formulation, member stiffness matrix is obtained explicitly. The element considered has seven nodal degrees of freedom. In addition, the related stability matrix is found. Numerical studies of the aforementio...

Paints are used to protect and prolong the life of natural synthetic materials as it acts a barrier against environmental conditions. contain extenders, solvents, pigments, binders, some additives. The objective is improve physical properties current matt paint formulation. contents acrylic white emulsion known be 25%Pigments, 12% Extender 5% Additives, 44% Solvents, 14% Binders. [2]. Binders m...