Couplings of forward osmosis (FO) with reverse (RO) or membrane distillation (MD) are investigated at the water-energy nexus. The treatment low and hypersaline feed solutions was assessed, followed by discussion most effective hybrid scheme for different conditions. Two FO configurations presented, suggesting potential applicability a versatile multi-stage approach treating low-saline wastewate...

Internal concentration polarization (ICP) in forward osmosis (FO) process is a characteristic problem for asymmetric thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane which leads to lower water flux. To mitigate the ICP effect, modification of the substrates' properties has been one of the most effective methods. A new polyethersulfone-based ultrafiltration membrane with increased surface porosity and high...

Forward osmosis (FO) has gained attention of people in recent decades due to its magnificent properties andless energy requirements. This paper aims discuss various characteristics draw solutes which are differentiated their performance and show exceptional results as osmotic agents FO. Different types membranes being selected for different applications according needs Among them, CTA (Cellulos...

Osmosis is a physical phenomenon that has been extensively studied by scientists in various disciplines of science and engineering. Early researchers studied the mechanism of osmosis through natural materials, and from the 1960s, special attention has been given to osmosis through synthetic materials. Following the progress in membrane science in the last few decades, especially for reverse osm...

Managing the wastewater discharged from oil and shale gas fields is a big challenge, because this kind of wastewater is normally polluted by high contents of both oils and salts. Conventional pressure-driven membranes experience little success for treating this wastewater because of either severe membrane fouling or incapability of desalination. In this study, we designed a new nanocomposite fo...

To meet surging water demands, water reuse is being sought as an alternative to traditional water resources. However, contamination of water resources by trace organic compounds (TOrCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, disinfection byproducts, and industrial chemicals is of increasing concern. These compounds are not readily removed by conventional water treatment processes a...

Abstract The major scope of this study is the fabrication and development a substrate polyamide rejection layer for an efficient thin-film hydrophilic composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membrane. Fabrication nanocomposite membrane employing interfacial polymerization modification characteristics using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as additives (TFNC-FO) are studied. Characterizations pr...

Separate treatment of high-nutrient sidestream is an efficient and cost effective way to decrease the loading on the main plant, resulting in lower effluent nutrient concentration. This study investigated the use of a combined forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) system for the removal of nitrogen present in high concentration in sidestream from anaerobic digestion process. The combine...

Growing demands for potable water have strained water resources and increased interest in wastewater reclamation for potable reuse. This interest has brought increased attention to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) as emerging water contaminants. The effect of EDCs, and in particular natural steroid hormones, on humans is of heightened interest in the study of wastewater reuse in advanced l...

• A hybrid electrochemical-membrane fermentation process was developed. Higher voltage of electrodialysis recovered more nutrients but with lower current efficiency. Forward osmosis concentrated the acetate and ammonium in recovery by 14- 10-fold. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fed on recoveries achieved SCP productions 0.76–0.86 g/L. The production costs estimated to be €20.4/kg-SCP ED-fermentation....