We propose a criterion to regard a property of a theory (in first or second order logic) as virtuous: the property must have significant mathematical consequences for the theory (or its models). We then rehearse results of Ajtai, Marek, Magidor, H. Friedman and Solovay to argue that for second order logic, ‘categoricity’ has little virtue. For first order logic, categoricity is trivial; but ‘ca...

Both traditional and naturalistic epistemologists have long assumed that the examination of human psychology has no relevance to the prescriptive goal of traditional epistemology, that of providing first-person guidance in determining the truth. Contrary to both, I apply insights about the psychology of human perception and concept-formation to a very traditional epistemological project: the fo...

Abstract Kant's critique of rational psychology is a thought experiment that targets no individual or school, but rather the natural tendency human reason to “hypostatize” highest intellectual condition all cognition (the pure ‘I think’) as though it were itself ‘I.’ To do so violate very anti-circularity stricture also at work in better-known transcendental critiques Locke and Hume. Along with...

The relation between politics, ontology, and space remains one of the most contested concerns in human geography, often leading to a dismissal ontology favor politicization space. In contrast, this article mobilizes post-foundationalism propose political After reviewing geographers’ engagements with post-politics political, demonstrates how post-foundational geography radically uproots geograph...

In this paper, we shall describe and critically evaluate four contemporary theories which attempt to solve the problem of the infinite regress of reasons: BonJour's ‘impure’ coherentism, BonJour's foundationalism, Haack's ‘foundherentism’ and Dancy's pure coherentism. These theories are initially put forward as theories about the justification of our empirical beliefs; however, in fact they als...

Knowledge requires both freedom and friction. Freedom to set up our epistemic goals, choose the subject matter of our investigations, espouse cognitive norms, design research programs, etc., and friction (constraint) coming from two directions: the object or target of our investigation, i.e., the world in a broad sense, and our mind as the sum total of constraints involving the knower. My goal ...

The paper contrasts two domains of school education, natural science and citizenship education (as a paradigm of “hard” and “soft” subjects), with respect to their epistemological and ethical foundations. A sharp contrast between their associated world-views within the school community is accentuated at the outset. The epistemological shortcomings inherent in both are subsequently explored, and...

We all know that ships are safest in the harbor; but alas, that is not what ships are built for. They are destined to leave the harbor and to confront the challenges that are waiting beyond the harbor mole. A similar challenge confronts the practice of research. Research at work cannot play it safe and stay in whatever theoretical and methodological harbors in which it may have found shelter in...

Kant's theory of judgment involves his answer to the question "How is knowledge pattern underlying intentional strategies objective - true and justified representation empirical events possible?" When we problematize this question, problem scope our notion consistency in reasoning emerges. We will argue article that includes a thesis about circular nature patterns consistency, based on ability ...