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The Rawlsian perspective on social policy pays particular attention to the least advantaged members of society, but how should “the least advantaged” be identified? The concept of deprivation dominance operationalizes in part the Rawlsian evaluation of the welfare of the least advantaged members of society, but a statistical procedure for testing deprivation dominance is needed. In this paper, ...
Thyroxine, the principal thyroid hormone, circulates in blood almost completely bound to carrier proteins. The main carrier is thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). However, only the free (unbound) portion of thyroxine is responsible for the biological action. Further, the concentrations of the carrier proteins are altered in many clinical conditions, such as pregnancy. In normal thyroid function a...
This paper presents an economical, randomized, wait-free construction of an n-process test-and-set bit from read write registers. The test-and-set shared object has two atomic operations, test&set, which atomically reads the bit and sets its value to 1, and the reset operation that resets the bit to 0. We identify two new complexity measures by which to evaluate wait-free algorithms: (a) The am...
MOTIVATION Why recombination? is one of the central questions in biology. This has led to a host of methods for quantifying recombination from sequence data. These methods are usually based on aligned DNA sequences. Here, we propose an efficient alignment-free alternative. RESULTS Our method is based on the distribution of match lengths, which we look up using enhanced suffix arrays. By elimi...
In stat ist ics, a likelihood rat io test is a stat ist ical test used to compare the f it of two models, one of which (the null model) is a special case of the other (the alternative model). The test is based on the likelihood rat io, which expresses how many t imes more likely the data are under one model than the other. This likelihood rat io, or equivalent ly its logarithm, can then be used...
A procedure, based on sample spacings, is proposed for testing whether a univariate distribution is symmetric about some unknown value. The proposed test is a modification of a sign test suggested by Antille and Kersting (1977), but unlike Antille and Kersting’s test, our modified test is asymptotically distribution-free and is usable in practice. A simulation study indicates that the proposed ...
We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon...
We prove that in a torsion-free hyperbolic group, an element is a test element if and only if it is not contained in a proper retract.
A test set for a formal language (set of strings) L is a subset T of L such that for any two string homomorphisms f and g defined on L, if the restrictions of f and g on T are identical functions, then f and g are identical on the entire L. Previously, it was shown that there are context-free grammars for which smallest test sets are cubic in the size of the grammar, which gives a lower bound o...
Holding up the phreatic surface near by the plant root zone to effective use of water and provide themoisture on the root zone is a usual method, which uses for several decades by researchers. In thisstudy, we investigate the possibility of controlled drainage method in dry and half-dryzone (i.e., theclimate of the center and south of the Khuzestan state) on thecane plant. The results showedtha...
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