Sperm storage via freezing has been useful for men who have difficulty masturbating during assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs and before impotency caused by chemotherapy, vasectomy, and other procedures. Studies were undertaken to evaluate the extent of cryoinjury to sperm after repeated freezing and thawing. The results showed that normozoospermic and oligozoospermic sperm survive...

In this study, the development and characterization of novel polymer blends based on chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) and physically cross-linked by freeze-thaw method for possible use in a variety of biomedical application is reported. The present investigation deals with designing savlon-loaded blend hydrogels (coined as cryogels) of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan by repeated freeze-tha...

Freeze-thaw cycles are one of the greatest threats to concrete durability. Lately, protection against this threat excites scientists’ attention. Air-entraining admixtures have been widely used to produce freeze-thaw resistant at concretes. The use of airentraining agents (AEAs) enhances not only freeze-thaw endurance but also the properties of fresh concrete such as segregation, bleeding and fl...

The mechanical properties of concrete pavement were studied under the various frost-salt conditions using Capillary Suction of De-icing Chemicals and Freeze-thaw Test Method (CDF method). The test results show that: with the increasing of freeze-thaw cycles, concrete surface damage has a tendency to accelerate. The concrete which is in a 5% concentration chloride snow-thawing agent solution has...

The ability to probe fresh tissue is a key feature to biomedical Raman spectroscopy. However, it is unclear how Raman spectra of calcified tissues are affected by freezing. In this study, six transverse sections of femoral cortical bone were subjected to multiple freeze∕thaw cycles and probed using a custom Raman microscope. Significant decreases were observed in the amide I and amide III bands...