Upward-facing echosounders that provided continuous, long-term measurements were applied to address the surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat (Sprattus sprattus) throughout an entire winter in a 150-m-deep Norwegian fjord. During ice-free conditions, the sprat surfaced and released gas bubbles at night with an estimated surfacing rate of 3.5 times per fish day-1. The vertic...

Repair welding is not used enough in the industry 1 . One of the reasons for this lies in the insufficient and unrealiable knowledge in many segments of this area. A very important part is having appropriate knowledge of metallurgical processes in heating of the base material 2-4 . Unsuitable heating deteriorates the microstructure as it reduces toughness and fracture behaviour of the weld 5 . ...

Abstract Friction surfacing (FS) is a solid-state layer deposition process for metallic materials at temperatures below their melting point. While the bonding of deposited layers to substrate proven suitable coating applications, so far mechanical properties additively manufactured stacks have not been systematically investigated. In particular, effect successive FS layers, i.e., repetitive the...

In visual line transecting, whales are observed when surfacing to breath. Surfacings are short. Point process models for surfacing times are combined with a model for the hazard probability of initial sighting to obtain a likelihood for the observed encounters. Point processes are also useful for describing the clustering of encounters along the track line due to spatial clustering of whales.

Reliable and durable asphalt surfacing systems still remain to be desired for the long-spanned orthotropic steel bridges as the nationally and internationally reports on distresses in deck pavement. Based on ten-year research works, this paper has presented a brief review and discussion of the Chinese practices and experiences of deck pavement on long-spanned steel bridges, including issues of ...

In this study, CoCrFeMnNiW medium-entropy alloy coating on Q235 was fabricated by plasma surfacing technology. The wear performance of the prepared one-layer and two-layer studied a friction abrasion tester. microstructure were researched optical microscope, nano-indentation test, SEM, hardness results show that is made up fusion zone, equiaxed dendrites near coarse columnar crystals, near-surf...

Coating plays a significant role in surface engineering, which leads to the improvement of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of products. It also brings about economic benefits thanks to the cost savings of the improved properties of the surface of a product in particular. Friction surfacing is a relatively new way to create a homogeneous, fine-grained coating with amended resistance ...