Free Space Optical (FSO) communications is the only viable solution for creating a three-dimensional global communications grid of inter-connected ground and airborne nodes. The huge amount of data exchange between satellites and ground stations demands enormous capacity that cannot be provided by strictly regulated, scarce resources of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. Free Space Optical (FSO...

Free-space optical communication systems can provide high-speed, improved capacity, cost effective and easy to deploy wireless networks. Experimental investigation on the next generation free-space optical (FSO) communication system utilizing seamless connection of freespace and optical fiber links is presented. A compact antenna which utilizes a miniature fine positioning mirror (FPM) for high...

Mobile wireless ad-hoc networks and multi-hop fixed-wireless last-mile networks have been primarily based upon radio frequency (RF) technologies. Although optical networking has become popular in the wired networking world, free space optics (FSO) is still a niche technology used to provide only selected point-to-point links, and not as a general-purpose networking technology. Free-space-optics...

This paper is focused on estimation availability and reliability of FSO systems. Shortcut FSO means Free Space Optics. It is a system which allows optical transmission between two steady points. We can say that it is a last mile communication system. It is an optical communication system, but the propagation media is air. This solution of last mile does not require expensive optical fiber and e...

Inter-satellite links (ISL) are a useful technology to transmit data to space stations and to communicate between satellites. However, there are serious limitations due to long delays and poor channel performance, resulting in high bit error rates (BER). In this paper, parallel transmission and the scaling of the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) window in free space optics (FSO) communications ...

Financial services technologies (FST) are core to the continuous transformation of financial services organizations (FSO). To date, however, there has been a lack of empirical research into FST adoption against the backdrop of the recent financial crisis. The aim of this article is to re-examine how FSO are currently positioned to take advantage of emerging FST. We emphasize that this article i...

Optical wireless communication (OWC) has garnered significant importance to provide gigabit capacity links owing its unique features. Free-space optics (FSO) communication, which is the term used for OWC in an outdoor scenario, a good candidate establish ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links. Despite of many advantages, FSO uplink limited by adverse effects beam-wander, beam scintillati...

Progress in optical wireless communication (OWC) has unleashed the potential to transmit data an ultra-fast manner without incurring large investments and bulk infrastructure. OWC includes transmissions three sub-bands; ultraviolet, visible, infrared. This paper discusses installing infrared OWC, known as free space optics (FSO), systems on top of installed radio frequency (RF) networks for out...

Optical reconfigurable intelligent surface (ORIS) is an emerging technology that can achieve optical propagation environments by precisely adjusting signal's reflection and shape through a large number of passive reflecting elements. In this article, we investigate the performance ORIS-assisted hybrid radio frequency (RF) free space optics (FSO) communication system. By jointly considering phys...