Endurance exercise increases the use of endogenous fuels to provide energy for working muscles. Elderly subjects oxidize more glucose and less fat during moderate intensity exercise. This shift in substrate use is presumably caused by age-related changes in skeletal muscle, including decreased skeletal muscle respiratory capacity, because adipose tissue lipolysis and plasma fatty acid availabil...

Scenario Question Answering is a relatively new direction in Question Answering (QA) research that presents a number of challenges for evaluation. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive evaluation strategy for Scenario QA, including a methodology for building reusable test collections for Scenario QA and metrics for evaluating system performance over such test collections. Using this methodo...

Semiconductor photocatalysis has been identified as a promising avenue for the conversion of solar energy into environmentally friendly fuels, most notably by the production of hydrogen from water.[1–5] Nanometer-scale materials in particular have attracted considerable scientific attention as the building blocks for light-harvesting applications.[6,7] Their desirable attributes include tunabil...

In order to address the economic and environmental consequences of our global energy system, we consider the availability and consumption of energy resources. Problems arise from our dependence on combustible fuels, the environmental risks associated with their extraction, and the environmental damage caused by their emissions. Yet no primary energy source, be it renewable or nonrenewable, is f...

Weather critically influences fire behaviour. Antecedent conditions control availability and moisture content of the fuels, and thus influence the likelihood of ignition. Once a fire is established, its behaviour is influenced by temperature, humidity and wind. Of these, fire behaviour is perhaps most sensitive to changes in wind speed, as evidenced by the sensitivity of the McArthur Forest Fir...

As the availability of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment receive ever increasing attention, there is a global push towards the development of energy systems that make use of alternative forms of chemical energy. Of the many interesting possibilities, the hydrogen molecule holds a place of particular prominence due to its very clean combustion. In the proposed Hydrogen Economy, th...

This study investigates the causal link between electrification and adoption of modern (and cleaner) cooking fuels, more specifically Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). In order to correct for potential endogeneity in placement electrical infrastructure, we exploit an instrumental variable approach. Our instrument interacts state-level supply shifts hydro-electric power availability with initial le...

In recent decades, many kinds of research have been conducted on alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines. Low/zero-carbon fuels, such as bioalcohols and hydrogen, are the most promising extensively studied because their availability, ease manufacturing, environmental benefits. Using these in CI engines is environmentally economically beneficial. The common alcohols methanol, eth...

The increasing energy demands, especially in transportation sector, and the challenges of excess pollution environmental degradation caused due to conventional fuels, as well their limited availability has highlighted need look for alternative fuels sustain future needs. Methane is capable catering these demands its wide availability, both renewable non-renewable sources. present work explores ...