Previous studies have examined the facilitative effects of prior spatial information on target selection for saccadic eye movements. More recently, studies have shown that prior spatial information also influences target selection for smooth pursuit. However, direct comparisons of the effects of prior information on target selection for pursuit and saccades have not been made. To this end, we p...

We measured the modulation of pupil size (in constant lighting) elicited by observing transparent surfaces black and white moving dots, perceived as a cylinder rotating about its vertical axis. The direction rotation was swapped periodically flipping stereo-depth two surfaces. Pupil modulated in synchrony with changes front-surface color (dilating when black). magnitude pupillary larger for hum...

The inhibition of return of visual attention based on stimulus color was examined in three experiments. In the first experiment, a discrete trial paradigm showed that subjects were slower to detect a color patch if the color matched that of a patch presented earlier in the same location. Experiment 2 showed that the inhibition only occurs if a neutral, nontarget distractor color is presented be...

In the last few decades, dental clinicians face increasing demands and expectations for accurate color matching due to the increasing attention given by the media and patients to esthetic dentistry. Hence, precise color matching has become an even more critical success factor for esthetic restoration. The subjective color perception of an observer leads to variations and unpredictable differenc...

Pigeons were studied in two experiments employing delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) tasks in which the reduction in delay to reinforcement signaled by the onset of the sample stimulus was manipulated by varying sample-stimulus duration. In Experiment 1, the duration of the sample stimulus was either 5 s or 10 s for one sample stimulus and 10 s or 20 s for the other. Subjects matched more freque...

This study investigated neural processing interactions during Stroop interference by varying the temporal separation of relevant and irrelevant features of congruent, neutral, and incongruent colored-bar/color-word stimulus components. High-density event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance were measured as participants reported the bar color as quickly as possible, while ignori...