How does Relenza work? It blocks the action of the enzyme neuraminidase (also called sialidase) on the surface of types A and B influenza viruses, preventing them from spreading to other cells. Influenza viruses bind to sialic acids on the surface of host cells through the viral haemagglutinin glycoprotein. The haemagglutinin causes the virus envelope to fuse with the membrane of the endosome, ...

sequential processes that occur during nuclear reconstitution : first each individual chromosome becomes surrounded by a double membrane with pores characteristic of a nuclear membrane (Harris, 1962; Longo, 1972), then the membranebounded chromosome vesicles (karyomeres) fuse Sea Urchins to form a single membrane-bounded nucleus containing the full complement of chromosomes (Wilson, 1925 ; Mazi...

asomotor tone is a partial contraction for vascular blood vessels under resting condition which allows the central nervous system to respond to several challenges such as hemorrhage, exercise and changes in position (Dampney, Horiuchi, & Tagawa, 2003). The autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system has critical effect on vasomotor tone and heart rate. Sympathetic system...

High precision measurements of fusion are an essential step in investigating the effects of coherent and dissipative processes on quantum tunneling of complex nuclei [1,2]. Fusion reactions are initiated in the laboratory by energetic ion beams impinging on a target. The beam and target nuclei fuse to form a “hot” compound nucleus which de-excites by particle emission, forming evaporation resid...

Since the dawn of time, or at least the dawn of recombinant DNA technology (which for many of today's scientists is the same thing), investigators have been cloning and expressing heterologous proteins in a variety of different cells for a variety of different reasons. These range from cell biological studies looking at protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and regulat...

The cell nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane system, the nuclear envelope (NE), with the outer nuclear membrane being continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) fuse the inner and outer nuclear membranes, forming aqueous channels that allow free diffusion of small molecules but that also mediate the energy-dependent transport of large macromolecules. The NPC...

Lysosomes were once considered the end point of endocytosis, simply used for macromolecule degradation. They are now recognized to be dynamic organelles, able to fuse with a variety of targets and to be re-formed after fusion events. They are also now known to be the site of nutrient sensing and signaling to the cell nucleus. In addition, lysosomes are secretory organelles, with specialized mac...

In this paper we study a novel approach to the problem of fusion of sensory information in tracking multiple targets in CCTV surveillance video. The approach, called “Rank and Fuse” (RAF) is based on multiple feature ranking and merging as opposed to a more typical combination of all scores (similarity or probability) in a single ranking. This has the advantages of low computational complexity,...