Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) presents an excellent example of a complex substrate composed of both ductile (copper) and brittle (plastic molding compound) materials, showing clear trends of reduction in package size and the combination ductile and brittle materials in the same sawing process which creates real challenges in term of sawing quality, blade life and throughput. This paper discussed on t...

Intelligent autonomous acting in unstructured environments requires 3D maps with labelled 3D objects. 3D maps are necessary to avoid collisions with complex obstacles and to self localize in six degrees of freedom (x-, y-, z-position, roll, yaw and pitch angle). Meaning becomes inevitable, if the robot has to interact with its environment. The robot is then able to reason about the objects; its...

Scientists participating in the USGS Abandoned Minelands Initiative have quantified metal concentrations and loadings from mining-related and natural background sources in the upper Animas River of southwestern Colorado, with the goal of guiding remediation decisions by federal landmanagement agencies. We have compared site-specific toxicity thresholds with frequencies of dissolved metal concen...

The presence of thermal mismatch between different materials of plastic IC packages was found to cause reliability and moldability issues such as delamination and warpage phenomenon. Delamination and warpage between the mold compound and die attach adhesive material were evaluated for Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) package. Evaluation was conducted on two set of different materials combination of epox...

Effective mean annual precipitation is related to sediment yield from drainage basins throughout the climatic regions of the United States. Sediment yield is a maximum at about 10 to 14 inches of precipitation, decreasing sharply on both sides of this maximum in one case owing to a deficiency of runoff and in the other to increased density of vegetation. Data are presented illustrating the incr...

Karst terrain confounds efforts to parameterize and calibrate The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). purpose of this study was use SWAT simulate long-term natural (e.g. climate) human land use) impacts streamflow, sediment nutrient loading in a karst catchment. Sub-objectives were to: (1) perform rigorous model performance assessment SWAT, (2) apply highlight critical source areas NPS pollutant...

First posted August 24, 2021 For additional information, contact: Director,Arizona Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey520 N. Park AvenueTucson, AZ 85719 Multiple linear regression models were developed to estimate dissolved-solids concentrations in water at four sites the Yuma area between Imperial Dam, Arizona and California southerly international boundary with Mexico San Luis, Arizona...

The separate and synergistic effects of land use climate change on water quality variables in Old Woman Creek (OWC) watershed were evaluated using a hydrological model set up Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the OWC watershed. Model calibration was done multi-objective evolutionary algorithm pareto optimization. Parameter-Elevation Regressions Independent Slopes (PRISM) data 20 different G...

First posted July 20, 2022 For additional information, contact: Director, Central Midwest Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey405 North Goodwin Ave.Urbana, IL 61801 The Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project (FISP) standardizes and advances sediment science among federal agencies. It is important to ensure that the FISP bag samplers perform isokinetically under all tested approved cond...

Woody plant encroachment is an ongoing global issue. In the Southern Great Plains of United States, rapid and coalescence woody plants are transforming herbaceous-dominated rangelands into woodlands with a detrimental impact on water quality quantity. this study, we conducted modeling simulations to assess how converting juniper (Juniperus virginiana) woodland low moderately productive grasslan...