gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most widely distributed known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. GABA also serves regulatory and trophic roles in several other organs, including the pancreas. The brain contains two forms of the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which differ in molecular size, amino acid sequence, antigenicity, cellular and subcellular ...

background: gamma -aminobutyric acid (gaba), a non-protein amino acid acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammalians. the glutamate decarboxylase (gad) is responsible for the conversion of l-glutamate to gaba. the human brain has two isoforms of this enzyme, gad65 and gad67 that differ in molecular weight, amino acid sequence, antigenicity, cellular location ...

In plants, research on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has focused on its role as a metabolite, mainly in the context of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. By contrast, studies of GABA in vertebrates have concentrated mainly on its role as a neurotransmitter and signaling molecule. Here, we discuss recent findings that point towards a possible role for GABA as a signaling molecule in plants.

The functions of neurotransmitters in fetal development are poorly understood. Genetic observations have suggested a role for the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the normal development of the mouse palate. Mice homozygous for mutations in the beta-3 GABAA receptor subunit develop a cleft secondary palate. GABA, the ligand for this receptor, is synthesize...

Germinated brown rice (GBR) has a high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and antioxidant capacity; however, the effects of high-temperature cooking on these characteristics are unclear. We investigated alterations in GABA content, capacity, 15 proteinogenic amino acids, TP reducing sugar color cooked GBR at 105°C to 135°C different times (40 90 min) 105°C. The contents 9 acids decreased vi...

When using whole-cell recording methods and a minimal intracellular medium containing only inorganic ions, ethyleneglycolbis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, and N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid, we have observed a time-dependent decrease in the responsiveness of cultured chick spinal cord neurons to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The current evoked by 30 ...

Abstract Benzodiazepines (BZDs) such as Zolpidem can produce a temporary revival of patients who have been akinetic and apathic for years. The mechanisms underlying this “awakening” reaction are suggested globally to be related an activation gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory systems. However, brain trauma or cerebro-vascular infarcts, like many other pathological insults, associated wit...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that has significant beneficial effect on human health. Traditional microbial GABA synthesis requires continuous oxygen supplementation. Here, new anaerobic platform for production was established with engineered C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755, which considered an ideal microbial-cell fact...

Abstract Background Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bio-product used in pharmaceuticals and functional foods as a precursor of the biodegradable plastic polyamide 4. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) converts l -glutamate ( -Glu) into GABA via decarboxylation. Compared with other methods, develop bioconversion platform to produce considerable interest for industrial use. Results Thre...

Characteristics of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors at bullfrog cone terminals were studied by patch clamp techniques in isolated cell and retinal slice preparations. GABA-induced inward currents from isolated cones reversed in polarity at a potential, very close to the chloride equilibrium potential, and they were completely suppressed by picrotoxin. Unexpectedly, the GABA c...