Tocopherols are present in significant amounts in vegetable oils used in human foods. The most prevalent tocopherols in foods are the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants with (RRR) stereochemistry. Tocopherols are lipophilic phenolic antioxidants, produced by plants. In the United States, gamma-tocopherol is the most prominent dietary tocopherol due to its high amount in the dominant commerc...

By oxidizing alpha tocopherol with chromic anhydride in acetic acid solution, a lactone C21H4002 was obtained. The origin of such a lactone is easily explicable on the theory that alpha tocopherol contains a chromane ring; if alpha tocopherol contained a coumarane ring, a beta hydroxy acid would be expected. Karrer and his co-workers,2 by treating pseudo cumo hydroquinone with phytyl bromide, o...

Supplemental vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) has been linked to lower prostate cancer incidence in one randomized trial and several, although not all, observational studies. The evidence regarding dietary intake of individual vitamin E isoforms and prostate cancer is limited and inconclusive, however. We prospectively examined the relations of supplemental vitamin E and dietary intakes of alpha-, ...

Methods: Alpha tocopherol, gamma tocopherol, and retinol are assayed using fluorescence detection. Excitation/emission wavelengths are 295 nm/330 nm and 325 nm/470 nm for the analysis of both tocopherols and retinol, respectively. Retinol acetate is employed as the internal standard. The reversed phase method incorporates gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and acetonitr...

At the time of its discovery two decades ago, vitamin E would have been defined as the fifth member of the then small family of vitamins. It was known to be widely distributed in green plants, in the germ of cereal grains, and, to a lesser extent, in animal tissues. It was known to be essential for normal reproduction in the laboratory rat. Although its ability to prevent fetal resorption in th...

Previous reports proposed that peroxynitrite (ONOO-) oxidizes alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) through a two-electron concerted mechanism. In contrast, ONOO- oxidizes phenols via free radicals arising from peroxo bond homolysis. To understand the kinetics and mechanism of alpha-TOH and gamma-tocopherol (gamma-TOH) oxidation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (direct vs. radical), we exposed LDL to ON...

In this procedure for determination of vitamin E by "high-performance" liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, 25-microL serum specimens are deproteinized with ethanol. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), its derivatives (beta- and gamma-tocopherols), and the internal standard (delta-tocopherol) are extracted into heptane and the extract is evaporated and the residue reconstituted with ...

In genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of common genetic variants associated with circulating alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations in two adult cohorts comprising 5006 men of European descent, we observed three loci associated with alpha-tocopherol levels, two novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2108622 on 19pter-p13.11 (P= 1.7 × 10(-8)) and rs11057830 on 12q24.31 (P= 2.0 ×...

Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a di...

Natural vitamin E includes eight chemically distinct molecules: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols. More than 95% of all studies on vitamin E are directed toward the specific study of alpha-tocopherol. The other forms of natural vitamin E remain poorly understood. The abundance of alpha-tocopherol in the human body and the comparable e...