Heterologous expression of sodium channel mutations in hypokalemic periodic paralysis reveals 2 variants on channel dysfunction. Charge-reducing mutations of voltage sensing S4 arginine residues alter channel gating as typically studied with expression in mammalian cells. These mutations also produce leak currents through the voltage sensor module, as typically studied with expression in Xenopu...

The gating mechanism of the open state of the gramicidin A (gA) channel is studied by using a new Monte Carlo Normal Mode Following (MC-NMF) technique, one applicable even without a target structure. The results demonstrate that the lowest-frequency normal mode (NM) at approximately 6.5 cm(-1) is the crucial mode that initiates dissociation. Perturbing the gA dimer in either direction along thi...

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are the main calcium-permeable excitatory receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. The NMDA receptor gating is complex, exhibiting multiple closed, open, and desensitized states; however, central questions regarding the conformations and energetics of the transmembrane domains as they relate to the gating states are still unanswered. Here, using s...

Power saving is becoming one of the major design drivers in electronic systems embedding microcontroller cores. Known microcontrollers typically save power at the expense of reduced computational capability. With reference to an 8051 core, this paper presents a novel clustered clock gating to increase power efficiency at architectural level without performance loss and preserving the reusabilit...

Sensory and motor noise limits the precision with which we can sense the world and act upon it. Recent research has begun to reveal computational principles by which the central nervous system reduces the sensory uncertainty and movement variability arising from this internal noise. Here we review the role of optimal estimation and sensory filtering in extracting the sensory information require...

This paper investigates the role of pitch accent information in spoken-word recognition in listeners in Fukushima, Japan, whose dialect is accentless. Previous research revealed that accentless listeners were less sensitive to pitch accent than Tokyo Japanese listeners. The present study asked whether middle-aged listeners’ use of accent information would differ from that of young listeners. 40...

Skew is one of the most important parameter that decides the performance of the system. Though skews are reduced using two-stage(low and high voltage levels) serially connected power mode aware buffers(PMABs) using two power gating techniques-Fine grain technique at high voltage level and Coarse grain technique at low voltage level, the power consumption and area is large incase of fine grain t...

This paper proposes a novel memory neural network structure, namely gating recurrent enhanced memory network (GREMN), to model long-range dependency in temporal series on language identification (LID) task at the acoustic frame level. The proposed GREMN is a stacking gating recurrent neural network (RNN) equipped with a learnable enhanced memory block near the classifier. It aims at capturing t...