Bladder cancer is a common malignancy for which regional or metastatic disease is identified at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether tamoxifen (Tam), an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, can sensitize bladder cancer cell lines to gemcitabine (Gem) chemotherapy. ERα and ERβ protein levels were determined in each cell line using western blot analysis. The TCC-Sup, 5637, and ...

Individual members of the RGK family of Ras-related GTPases, which comprise Rad, Gem/Kir, Rem and Rem2, have been implicated in important functions such as the regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and remodeling of cell shape. The GTPase Kir/Gem inhibits the activity of calcium channels by interacting with the beta-subunit and also regulates cytoskeleton dynamics by inhibiting t...

INTRODUCTION The ingestion of alcohol (Alc) as well as gemfibrozil (Gem), a fibrate drug used to treat hypertriglyceridaemia, may occur on a long-term basis in humans. Since both Alc and Gem can disturb liver function, we assessed the effects of administering Alc together with Gem in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomized and divided into 4 groups of 10 each. They...

We report the angular diameters of two Mira variables (U Ari and Z Sco), three semi-regular and irregular variables (SW Vir, η Gem and µ Gem) and a supergiant semi-regular variable (TV Gem) by lunar occultation observations in the near-infrared broad K-band (2.2 µm). Lunar occultations of η Gem and µ Gem were also observed for the first time simultaneously in both K and L ′ bands yielding angul...

The direct conversion of diaryl ketones and enolizable aliphatic aldehydes into gem-difluoroalkenes has been a long-standing challenge in organofluorine chemistry. Herein, we report efficient strategies to tackle this problem by using difluoromethyl 2-pyridyl sulfone as a general gem-difluoroolefination reagent. The gem-difluoroolefination of diaryl ketones proceeds by acid-promoted Smiles rear...

The present work reports the use of non-living non-recombinant bacteria as a delivery system for mucosal vaccination. Antigens are bound to the cell-wall of pretreated Lactococcus lactis, designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM), by means of a peptidoglycan binding domain. The influence of the GEM particles on the antigen-specific serum antibody response was studied. Following nasal im...

There are diverse experimental data about the influence of gemfibrozil (GEM) on the production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and antioxidant enzymes. We investigated the influence of GEM treatment on the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in tissues of normolipidaemic Wistar and Fisher rats which is an index of lipid peroxidation. Because serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an important enzy...

Gemcitabine (GEM) is the standard treatment for advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, there is a substantial subset of patients in whom the efficacy of GEM, when used as a single agent, is inadequate. Recently, the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrugs capecitabine and S-1 have been used as an alternative, either alone or in combination with GEM. The aim of the present study was to investiga...

BACKGROUND To explore the activity and tolerability of gemcitabine (GEM) and carboplatin (CBDCA) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) we tested four administration sequences on H460 NSCLC cells, and at the same time performed a randomized phase II trial using analogous schedules. PATIENTS AND METHODS GEM was given first in two in vitro sequences, and CBDCA first in the other two; interaction...

IDENTITY Citation · Winters JC, Dmochowski RR, Goldman HB, Herndon CD, Kobashi KC, Kraus SR, Lemack GE, Nitti VW, Rovner ES, Wein AJ. Adult urodynamics: American Urological Association (AUA)/Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU) guideline. Linthicum (MD): American Urological Association (AUA); 2012 Apr. 30 p. [119 references] Date Released · 2012 GEM ...