Impairment of RNA editing at a handful of coding sites causes severe disorders, prompting the view that coding RNA editing is highly advantageous. Recent genomic studies have expanded the list of human coding RNA editing sites by more than 100 times, raising the question of how common advantageous RNA editing is. Analyzing 1,783 human coding A-to-G editing sites, we show that both the frequency...

Bolt and Tieman (2008) suggested that profit function non-concavities may account for the prevalence of skewed pricing by two-sided platform businesses. In the Rochet-Tirole (2003) model, however non-concavity is not necessary for highly skewed pricing. Ubiquitous high pass-through rates are sufficient but implausible. In the Armstrong (2006) model, non-concavity is neither necessary nor suffic...

In this work, we study non-equilibrium dynamics in Floquet conformal field theories (CFTs) 1+1D, which the driving Hamiltonian involves energy-momentum density spatially modulated by an arbitrary smooth function. This generalizes earlier work was restricted to sine-square deformed type of Hamiltonians, operating within a \mathfrak{sl}_2 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" d...

An essential aspect of a generally covariant system is the invariance of its action under reparametrizations; this means that the label that parametrizes the trajectories of the system is not the time but a physically irrelevant parameter. As a consequence, the system is constrained to remain on the hypersurface of the phase space where the Hamiltonian is null. In fact, since the “evolution” ge...

remind the inhabitants of this country that the water in which they enjoy so frequently the refreshing effects of a "plunge wash" is drawn from polluted sources; stores of water collected from surface drainage?water that has passed over soil laden with dead animal and vegetable products, and hence loaded with millions of enemies to human life. It is palpably more poisonous during, and after, th...