conclusions the risk of ra increased with delayed menarche, advanced maternal age at first delivery and early age at menopause. however, longer duration of breast-feeding, parity, large number of children and consumption of ocs were found as protective independent variables against ra. methods this case-control study was conducted on 231 patients with ra and 238 controls among females aged 26 -...

introduction: oral contraceptives (ocs) are considered as one of the most common risk factor of venous thromboembolism (vte) in child bearing age. some of the recent researches indicate that the odds of vte may be even higher with newer generations of ocs. the present meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the effect of different generation of ocs on the occurrence of vte. methods: two research...

Public Cit izen , represent i ng more than 100 ,000 con sumers nationwide , hereby pet itions the Food and Dr ug Adm i nistra tion (FDA) pursuant to the Federal Food , Drug and Cosmetic Act 2 1 U . S .C . Section 355(e)(3), and 21 C.F .R . 10 .30 , to immed iately ban the th ird generation oral contracept ives contain i~cn .dQmaParrPl d~~tothe approximately doubled risk of venous thrombosi s ( ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thrombosis in current users of different types of hormonal contraception, focusing on regimen, oestrogen dose, type of progestogen, and route of administration. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Denmark, 1995-2005. PARTICIPANTS Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted rate ra...

Endometriosis is a chronic disease in which a persistent state of heightened inflammation is maintained by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. The progestins present in oral contraceptives are potent inhibitors of NF-κB translocation to cell nuclei, while Pycnogenol® (Pinus pinaster) acts by blocking post-translational events. In this study, the effects of Pycnogenol on pain scores were ...

Main aim of this study is to quantify and analyze the utilization and utilization trends of oral hormonal contraceptives in the City of Zagreb, 2008-2010, and to propose potential interventions, if necessary. Data gathered from Zagreb pharmacies were assessed by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification of drugs and Daily Defined Dose methodology. An alarming decrease in total utilization ...

Key Points A number of studies suggest that current use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills) appears to slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially among younger women. However, the risk level goes back to normal 10 years or more after discontinuing oral contraceptive use. Women who use oral contraceptives have reduced risks of ovarian and endometrial cancer. This protective...

Addressing the issue of unintended pregnancy is a national priority. One proposed strategy to reduce unintended pregnancy is to improve access to oral contraceptives by changing them to over-the-counter (OTC) status. Existing data indicate that oral contraceptives meet safety criteria required of OTC products. Available literature demonstrates that women can self-screen for contraindications to...