Forbidden minors and subdivisions for toroidal graphs are numerous. In contrast, the toroidal graphs with no K3,3’s have a nice explicit structure and short lists of obstructions. For these graphs, we provide the complete lists of four forbidden minors and eleven forbidden subdivisions.

A graph is 1-extendible if every edge has a 1-factor containing it. A 1-extendible non-bipartite graph G is said to be near bipartite if there exist edges e1 and e2 such that G − {e1, e2} is 1-extendible and bipartite. We characterise the Pfaffian near bipartite graphs in terms of forbidden subgraphs. The theorem extends an earlier characterisation of Pfaffian bipartite graphs.

We analyze the structure of reduced expressions in the Coxeter groups An, Bn and Dn. Several special classes of elements are singled out for their connections with symmetric functions or the theory of P -partitions. Membership in these special classes is characterized in a variety of ways, including forbidden patterns, forbidden subwords, and by the form of canonically chosen reduced words.

We introduce and study a class of simplicial complexes, the orphan complexes, associated to simple graphs whose family of (open or closed) vertex-neighborhoods are anti-Sperner. Under suitable restrictions, we show that orphan complexes of such graphs are always shellable and provide a characterization of graphs in terms of induced forbidden subgraphs contained in this restricted subfamily.

In this paper we demonstrate that several theorems from [1] and [3] do not hold as they are stated. These are the theorems regarding forbidden subposet characterizations of certain classes of coverincomparability graphs. In this paper we correct a mistake in the main theorem of [1], reformulate the corresponding statements and present corrected proofs. We further characterize posets whose cover...

staphylococcus aureus carrying pvl gene remain major health problem associated with highly virulent infections. characterization of such gene is important to know the impact and the functional significance of nucleotide variations. pcr and standard sequencing were performed for twelve sudanese strains from different sources. protein structures prediction, modeling and physiochemical analysis we...

In this paper, we present a technique for characterizing CMOS analog circuits based on directed intervals. The technique consists of an analog performance es-timator and a characterization table generator. This characterization information may be eeciently used by the constraint transformation step in an analog synthesis system. We present a genetic algorithm based constraint transformation met...

In this paper, we first present a brief update on the progress made in using genetic characterization to guide decision making for several conservation activities. Next, we focus on the attractive prospects offered by molecular characterization to enhance germplasm use, which is the ultimate purpose of conserving diversity of genetic resources.

Characterization of Indian livestock breeds has mostly been limited to single breed/population focused on either physical description of traditionally recognized breeds/populations or to their genetic description. Usually, morphological and genetic characterization has taken place in isolation. A parallel morphological characterization of genetically identified breeds or genetic characterizatio...