Fuzzy systems have demonstrated their ability to solve different kinds of problems in various applications domains. Currently, there is an increasing interest to augment fuzzy systems with learning and adaptation capabilities. Two of the most successful approaches to hybridize fuzzy systems with learning and adaptation methods have been made in the realm of soft computing. Neural fuzzy systems ...

We present an abstraction of the genetic algorithm (GA), termed population-based incremental learning (PBIL), that explicitly maintains the statistics contained in a GA’s population, but which abstracts away the crossover operator and redefines the role of the population. This results in PBIL being simpler, both computationally and theoretically, than the GA. Empirical results reported elsewher...

The popularity of the EM algorithm owes much to the 1977 paper by Dempster, Laird and Rubin. That paper gave the algorithm its name, identified the general form and some key properties of the algorithm and established its broad applicability in scientific research. This review gives a nontechnical introduction to the algorithm for a general scientific audience, and presents a few examples chara...

High accuracy and speed in data search, which are aims at finding the best solution to a problem, essential. This study examines brute force method, genetic algorithm, two proposed algorithms development of algorithm namely Multiple Crossover Genetic, Genetics with increments values. Brute is method direct approach solving problem based on formulation definition concepts involved. A search that...

introduction: physicians have to visit, diagnose and refer patients with genetic disorders, so they need to be familiar with the basics and indications of genetic tests. in other words, they should have effective theoretical and practical knowledge about medical genetics before they do their job. medical genetics courses at medical universities of iran are generally presented as a theoretical s...

Genetic variants on non-recombining DNA and the hierarchical order in which they accumulate are commonly of interest. This variant hierarchy can be established combined with information population geographic origin individuals carrying to find structures infer migration patterns. Further, assigned characterized populations, is relevant forensic genetics, genetic genealogy, epidemiologic studies...

MOTIVATION Cancer is well known to be the end result of somatic mutations that disrupt normal cell division. The number of such mutations that have to be accumulated in a cell before cancer develops depends on the type of cancer. The waiting time T(m) until the appearance of m mutations in a cell is thus an important quantity in population genetics models of carcinogenesis. Such models are ofte...