Geographical routing protocols have been received serious attention due to their advantages as compared to conventional routing protocols. They require information about the physical position of nodes to be available. Commonly, each node determines its own position through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) or some other type of positioning service. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (G...

It is necessary for some of the applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to estimate the geographical position of nodes. For the localization of wireless sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, we took advantage of the learning machine approach based on binary support vector machine (SVM). During offline learning process, the received signal strength from reference nodes was chosen as ...

The effect of sensory input on the performance of a geographical orientation task of children at two different ages (kindergartners and fourth graders) and adults was determined. I investigated the ability of subjects to point accurately to the starting position after experiencing identical routes under three sensory conditions. In Condition 1, subjects were led walking through routes and could...

The prompt availability of location information is very important in emergency situations (e.g. accidents, natural or technological disasters etc), when people need help immediately. The precise identification of the caller’s position in a mobile network is the foundation of rescue operations. The paper presents technical questions and some solutions in the context of determining and identifyin...

This paper studies the impact of the R&D offshoring of multinational enterprises on the firms in host emerging economies. We develop a two-stage non-cooperative game to analyze the strategic interaction between multinational and host country enterprises engaged in R&D investment. An empirical analysis of 12,309 manufacturing firms in the ICT industry in China shows that R&D offshoring has a pos...

Valuable resources often exist at distant points from a firm’s current locations, so that strategic decisions such as growth have a spatial dimension in which firms seek information and choose between geographically distributed alternatives. Studies show that geographic proximity facilitates the flow of resources, but there is limited understanding of factors that exacerbate or ease the impact ...

The efficiency analysis a hyperbolic position location estimation in the multipath propagation environment in the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) interface was presented. Four, the most popular methods: Chan’s [1], Foy’s [2], Fang’s [3] and Friedlander’s [4] were considered. These algorithms enable the calculation of the geographical position of a mobile station (MS) using the ti...

Hubei Province is the hub of communications in central China, which directly determines its strategic position in the country’s development. Additionally, Hubei Province is well-known for its diverse landforms, including mountains, hills, mounds and plains. This area is called “The Province of Thousand Lakes” due to the abundance of water resources. Geographical names are exclusive names given ...