Geological mapping and establishment of stratigraphic relationships provides an overview of geological processes operating on Mars and how they have varied in time and space. Impact craters and basins shaped the crust in earliest history and as their importance declined, evidence of extensive regional volcanism emerged during the Late Noachian. Regional volcanism characterized the Early Hesperi...

In the well placement problem, as well as in many other field development optimization problems, geological uncertainty is a key source of risk affecting the viability of field development projects. Well placement problems under geological uncertainty are formulated as optimization problems in which the objective function is evaluated using a reservoir simulator on a number of possible geologic...

With the continued growth in demand for mineral resources and China's efforts in increasing investment in geological prospecting, fiscal investment in geological exploration becomes a research hotspot. This paper examines the yearly relationship among fiscal investment in geological exploration of the current term, that of the last term and prices of mining rights over the period 1999-2009. Hin...

and this has been a common practice within the British Columbia Geological Survey Branch for a number of years (MacIntyre, 1991). Geological data are commonly stored in CAD-based files that record points. lines and polygons that describe geological features. Additional infolmation that includes structural measurements and other descriptive features of field data are commonly stored in databa...

a Division of Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, Vancouver WA, USA c U.S. Geological Survey, Louisiana Water Science Center, Baton Rouge LA, USA d U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, Lafayette LA, USA e Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, S...

Geometallurgy tries to predict the instability the behavior of ores caused by variability in the geological settings, and to optimize the mineral value chain. Understanding the ore variability and subsequently the process response are considered to be the most important functions of an accurate geometallurgical study. In this paper, the geometallurgical index is presented as a new tool to...

The biological and palaeontological communities have approached the problem of informatics separately, creating a divide between communities that is both technological and sociological in nature. In this paper we describe one new advance towards solving this problem - expanding the Scratchpads platform to deal with geological time. In creating this system we have attempted to make our work open...

Two-dimensional geographical information systems are extensively used in the geosciences to create and analyse maps. However, these systems are unable to represent the Earth’s subsurface in three spatial dimensions. The objective of this thesis is to overcome this deficiency, to provide a general framework for a 3d geoscience information system (GIS), and to contribute to the public discussion ...

14 The Geological Surveying and Investigation in 3 Dimensions (GSI3D) software tool and 15 methodology has been developed over the last 15 years. Since 2001 this has been in 16 cooperation with the British Geological Survey (BGS). To-date over a hundred BGS 17 geologists have learned to use the software that is now routinely deployed in building 18 systematic and commercial 3D geological models...