This paper explores major trends in visualization of medieval theories of natural and artificial transformation of substances in relation to their philosophical and theological bases. The function of pictorial forms is analyzed in terms of the prevailing conceptions of science and methods of transmitting knowledge. The documents under examination date from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centur...

(a) Draw the bi-molecular complex (see Figure 2 in the paper) using Avogadro. (b) Optimize the structure at B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory. (c) Prepare an input file for a relaxed scan (same level of theory) of the proton transfer using the modredundant option (check the manual page for opt ). Please include the option maxcyc=8 regarding the optimization. (Hint: which geometrical parameter do yo...

Guiding properties of nanoscale metallic wire waveguides embedded in a semiconductor are discussed. By performing eigenmode numerical simulations of the waveguide and continually varying the geometrical cross-section parameters, we have obtained comprehensive mode characteristics, such as the effective refractive index, effective mode area, and propagation length, that provide full guided mode ...

The three-dimensional strongly screened vortex glass model is studied numerically using methods from combinatorial optimization. We focus on the effect of disorder strength on the ground state and find the existence of a disorder-driven normal-to-superconducting phase transition. The transition turns out to be a geometrical phase transition with percolating vortex loops in the ground state conf...

This study investigated the relationship between the magnitude of illusory motion in the variants of the "Rotating Snakes" pattern and the visual preference among such patterns. In Experiment 1 we manipulated the outer contour and the internal geometrical structure of the figure to test for corresponding modulations in the perceived illusion magnitude. The strength of illusory motion was estima...

some physical properties such as geometrical, gravimetrical, frictional and aerodynamic features of seeds of desi chickpea and its splits were studied at a moisture content of 8.2 and 9.0% w., respectively from north-western of iran. geometrical and gravimetrical properties including the average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean of diameter, sphericity, 1000-seed weight, unit weight,...

In the paper the main attention is paid to conditions on algebras from a given variety Θ which provide coincidence of their algebraic geometries. The main part here play the notions mentioned in the title of the paper.

A tiling of the plane is a collection of figures, called tiles, that cover the plane without gaps or overlaps except at their boundaries. Tilings have been used for various purposes, such as ornamentation for construction and design of clothes. The patterns made by tilings range from those made by simple geometrical figures to those made by intricate figures, and they attract a great deal of in...