Optimal signal detection theory has been applied in a search through 100 yr of surface temperature data for the climate response to four specific radiative forcings. The data used comes from 36 boxes on the earth and was restricted to the frequency band 0.06–0.13 cycles yr21 (16.67–7.69 yr) in the analysis. Estimates were sought of the strengths of the climate response to solar variability, vol...

[1] Weather forecasts started from realistic initial conditions are used to diagnose the large warm and dry bias over the United States Southern Great Plains simulated by the GFDL climate model. The forecasts exhibit biases in surface air temperature and precipitation within 3 days which appear to be similar to the climate bias. With the model simulating realistic evaporation but underestimated...

Wildfire risks for California under four climatic change scenarios were statistically modeled as functions of climate, hydrology, and topography. Wildfire risks for the GFDL and PCM global climate models and the A2 and B1 emissions scenarios were compared for 2005–2034, 2035–2064, and 2070–2099 against a modeled 1961–1990 reference period in California and neighboring states. Outcomes for the G...

This paper presents a quantitative methodology for evaluating air–sea fluxes related to ENSO from different atmospheric products. A statistical model of the fluxes from each atmospheric product is coupled to an ocean general circulation model (GCM). Four different products are evaluated: reanalyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the European Centre for Medium-...

Most of the existing generation of general circulation models (GCMs) use so-called bucket algorithms to represent land-surface hydrology. Biosphere-atmosphere models that include the transfer of energy, mass, and momentum between the atmosphere and the land surface are a recent alternative to this highly simplified representation of the land surface in GCMs. These models require estimation of a...

[1] The rate at which the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) responds to perturbations in temperature and moisture plays a fundamental role in determining climate sensitivity. This study examines the clear-sky OLR sensitivities to temperature and water vapor, as quantified by its partial derivatives (radiative Jacobians). The Jacobians, as computed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (G...

This study assesses the performance of historical rainfall data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) in reproducing spatial and temporal variability over North Africa. Datasets Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) are used as proxy to observational datasets examine capability 15 CMIP6 models’ their ensemble simulating during 1951–2014...

We use two coupled climate models, GFDL-CM4 and GFDL-ESM4, to investigate the physical response of Southern Ocean changes in surface wind stress, Antarctic meltwater, combined forcing a pre-industrial control simulation. The meltwater cools ocean all regions except Weddell Sea, where stress warms near-surface layer. limited sensitivity Sea layer is due spatial distribution fluxes, regional bath...

AgGaS2 has been used to generate more than 2 mW of cw mid-infrared radiation near 3.2 mm by differencefrequency mixing of the outputs of an extended-cavity diode laser near 795 nm (pump wave) an a compact diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm (signal wave). An external ring enhancement cavity was used to build up the signal power inside the nonlinear crystal by as much as 14.5 times. The novel m...