We examined the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of impaired ion regulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts following acute acid and aluminum (Al) exposure. Smolts were exposed to: control (pH 6.5, 3.4 micrpg l(-1) Al), acid and low Al (LAl: pH 5.4, 11 microg l(-1) Al), acid and moderate Al (MAl: pH 5.3, 42 microg l(-1) Al), and acid and high Al (HAl: pH 5.4, 56 microg ...

Parental care purportedly promotes individual reproductive success and improves offspring survival, but is thought to come at a cost the adult carer. Reproductive costs can be physiological such as resources parents spend on caring also morphological changes that are necessary accomplish parental activities. This study considers body condition in brooders of two paternal mouthbrooder fishes – w...

We compared mitochondrial DNA and gill-raker number variation in populations of the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) species complex to illuminate their evolutionary history, and discuss mechanisms behind diversification. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing 528 bp of combined parts of the cytochrome oxidase b (cyt b) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (N...

The mucosal surfaces and associated microbiota of fish are an important primary barrier and provide the first line of defense against potential pathogens. An understanding of the skin and gill microbial assemblages and the factors which drive their composition may provide useful insights into the broad dynamics of fish host-microbial relationships, and may reveal underlying changes in health st...

an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-starch polysaccharides of barley supplemented with multi-enzyme on growth performance and physiological characteristics of broilers. a total number of 375 one day old ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 3 treatments with 5 replicates at 2 rearing period (including 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age) using a crd statistical...

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important food fishes in global aquaculture. The optimal rearing temperature for 27–30 °C; however, some Asian breeding areas, such as south China, water temperatures summer frequently exceed 35 °C several days. Potential effects long-term exposure to high on survival and metabolism are unclear. In this study, genetically improved farmed t...

Microscopic plastic debris is emerging as a global conservation issue. Ingestion of microplastics has been demonstrated in a range of marine animals both in the laboratory and in the oceans, but we know little of how microplastics may be transferred across trophic levels. Here, we used mussels (Mytilus edulis) and crabs (Carcinus maenas) to investigate the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer o...

As new pathogenic strains are emerging and threatening aquaculture development, myxosporeans (Myxozoa) are receiving much attention in recent years. Myxosporean taxonomy is traditionally based on morphology of the myxospore stage. Molecular data on Indian myxosporeans are rare. In this report, the 18S rRNA gene sequence of Myxobolus cuttacki infecting gill lamellae of minor carp Labeo bata (Ham...

Enteral exposure of suckling rats to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce growth and precocious functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of this action. Suckling rats, 14 d old, were fed a single dose of PHA (0.05 mg/g body weight) or saline. The binding of PHA to the gut epithelium and its effect on the morphol...

conclusions the results showed that although the human gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in health in a normal concentration, fluctuation in their number (increase or decrease) is a possible factor in the appearance of major diseases. context the composition and function of the gut microbiota develop with their host from birth. the human microbiome, especially the gut microbiota, plays a crit...