Faced with the choice between multiple subscription databases, each with a different interface and search functions, and the simplicity of Google, college and university students are increasingly finding their research materials on the open web. Federated searching provides one way that academic libraries can begin to win back some of these novice users, and ensure they are finding the highest ...

For more than thirty years I have been applying cost-effectiveness and costbenefit analysis to education. When I began this work in about 1970, there were almost no cost-effectiveness studies reported in the literature, and the term was not found in education at all. The term cost-effectiveness is now commonly used in justifying specific educational interventions. It has also become standard pa...

The definition of ludicrous according to Eugene Ionesco is "that which devoid purpose. Man lost when he cut off from his transcendental, philosophical, and theological origins; all activities become ludicrous, meaningless, pointless. Every time defines the term ridiculous by referring same concept absurd, representation absurd infers a paradox. "absurd" doesn't have clear definition. Therefore,...