good governance is a term indicating the change of paradigm of state and government roles which prepares the way for equal participation for all citizens in decision making process, revealing this reality that governance belongs to public and is organized by them. on the other hand, e-government is a powerful instrument which causes the better public service, decrease of waste time, improvement...

transaction cost economics (tce), as a subset of new institutional economics (nie), is the combination of economics, organization and law. noble prize in 2009 was dedicated to oliver williamson who was the most popular face in the economics as tce main contributor. in tce, the main issues on the one hand is how institutions follow characteristics of transactions, on the other hand, the making o...

This essay discusses the corporate governance of banks. Bank managers must balance competing demands from shareholders and regulators, which distinguishes banks from most other firms. The essay is structured into three parts. The theoretical section first broadly defines management and its governance as a process with certain built-in ambiguities that defy a strict notion of accountability. The...

Good governance has been the subject of theoretical and pragmatic discourses during the last three decades. Recently the indeterminate terms "Governance" and Good governance are being gradually used, in the literature of political science, administrative sciences and development studies. It is being increasingly recognized that Good governance is legitimate, accountable and effective ways of ob...

mashhad municipality faces several governance issues including transparency, providing information, justice, accountability and lack of satisfaction on the part of citizens. the necessity of researching these issues and analyzing the current situation of governance in mashhad cannot be denied. this study opens a new horizon in this regard by analyzing the indicators of good governance (particip...

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to achieve economic, social, and environmental progress globally. However, trade-offs among these three pillars might occur, particularly in the context of cities. We argue that exist because traditional factors production for economic welfare are not always relevant other dimensions city sustainability. Consequently, additional needed facilitate 2030 a...

T he purpose of the current research was to empirically examine the relationship between six independent variables and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows (dependent variable) to countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region for the period of 2002-2016. The independent variables studied in this research were foreign exchange systems, go...

JEL Classification Code(s): J 31, J 71) "Perceptions of Discrimination, Effort to Obtain Psychological Balance, and Relative Wages: Can We Infer a Happiness Gradient?" There is a substantial literature that finds a linkage between happiness and relative economic well being as measured by earnings or wages. There is also a well documented racial gap in wages. One explanation for this is disparat...

• Since the crisis, most East Asian governments recognise the urgent need to strengthen regulations to increase corporate transparency and enforce better treatment of outside investors; this is essential to support regional economies transition from a relationship to a rules based business model and enable their return to robust growth. • In the region's most advanced economies, corporate discl...