The broad distribution and high colonization rates of plant roots by a variety of endophytic fungi suggest that these symbionts have an important role in the function of ecosystems. Semiarid and arid lands cover more than one-third of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted to characterize root-associated fungal communities in semiarid grass...

BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor syndrome defined by bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Facial paralysis, from either tumor growth or surgical intervention, is a devastating complication of this disorder and can contribute to disfigurement and corneal keratopathy. Historically, physicians have not attempted to treat facial paralysis in these patients. OBJECTIVE T...

Introduction The concept of double free functioning muscle transfer (DFFMT) reconstruction for total arm type brachial plexus injury (BPI) had been successfully reported by Professor Doi from Japan. However, to overcome the weakness of finger/wrist extension after serving two functions by one gracilis muscle as described by Doi, we invented a new method of triple FFMT. This study was aimed to e...

Euglena gracilis has the ability to accumulate a storage polysaccharide, a β-1,3-glucan known as paramylon, under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, E. gracilis cells degrade paramylon and synthesize wax esters. Cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) appears to be a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis and position branch point of carbon partitioning between paramylon and wax este...

Table 2. In vitro susceptibility data for isolates of Campylobacter Sutterella wadsworthensis is a newly described gram-negagracilis and Sutterella wadsworthensis. tive, asaccharolytic, microaerophilic rod that can be confused with Campylobacter gracilis. The description of S. wadsworC. gracilis (n Å 10) S. wadsworthensis (n Å 19) thensis was based on 20 strains isolated from appendiceal tissue...

Increasing pretreatment day temperatures of 20, 30, and 40 C resulted in decreased net photosynthesis in Agropyron smithii (C(3)) while in Bouteloua gracilis (C(4)) net photosynthesis was increased. The effect on photosynthesis of increasing analysis temperatures was the same as observed by increasing pretreatment temperatures. Resistance of the stomata and boundary layer were less affected by ...

In the presence of oxygen, Euglena gracilis mitochondria function much like mammalian mitochondria. Under anaerobiosis, E. gracilis mitochondria perform a malonyl-CoA independent synthesis of fatty acids leading to accumulation of wax esters, which serve as the sink for electrons stemming from glycolytic ATP synthesis and pyruvate oxidation. Some components (enzymes and cofactors) of Euglena's ...

Euglena gracilis, a unicellular freshwater protist exhibits different photomovement responses, such as phototaxis (oriented movement toward or away from the light source) and photophobic (abrupt turn in response to a rapid increase [step-up] or decrease [step-down] in the light fluence rate) responses. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) has been isolated from whole-cell preparations and iden...

OBJECTIVE In gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation, the limited caliber of the dominant vascular pedicle increases the complexity of the anastomosis and the risk of vascular compromise. The purpose of this study was to characterize the results of using a T-shaped vascular pedicle for flow-through anastomosis in gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation for brachial plexus inju...