Abstract Endoscopes are an important component for the development of minimally invasive surgeries. Their size is one most critical aspects, because smaller and less rigid endoscopes enable higher agility, facilitate larger accessibility, induce stress on surrounding tissue. In all existing endoscopes, optics poses a major limitation in miniaturization imaging system. Not only making small diff...

fabrication, characterization and application of micro-/nano-rods/wires are among the hottest topics in materials science and applied physics. micro-/nano-rod-based structures and devices are developed for a wide-ranging use in various fields of micro-/nanoscience (e.g. biology, electronics, medicine, optics, optoelectronics, photonics and sensors). it is well known that the structure and prope...

A lens with a graded refractive index is required for vision in aquatic animals with camera-type eyes. This optical design entails a radial gradient of protein density, with low density in external layers and high density in internal layers. To maintain the optical stability of the eye, different material properties are required for proteins in different regions of the lens. In low-density regi...

We consider how vectorial aspects (polarization) of light propagation can be implemented and their origin within a Feynman path integral approach. A key part this scheme is in generalizing the standard optical length from scalar to matrix quantity. Reparametrization invariance along rays allows covariant formulation where take place general curve. gradient index background used demonstrate sche...

In the present work we explore an approximate solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for optical fiber coating in a pressure type die by withdrawal from a bath of two immiscible Oldroyd 8-conatant fluid under constant pressure gradient in the axial direction using two-layer coating flow. The constitutive equation of motion has been solved by using optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for ...

A study of the materials properties of WC/SiC multilayer coatings is presented. We investigated the dependence of interface and surface roughness, intrinsic stress, microstructure, chemical composition, and stoichiometry as a function of multilayer period and in some cases compared these to W/SiC multilayer systems. The WC/SiC material pair forms multilayers with extremely smooth and sharp inte...

We present a simple and precise protocol for standard quantum teleportation of N-qubit state, considering the most general resource q-channel and Bell states. We find condition on these states for perfect teleportation and give explicitly the unitary transformation required to be done by Bob for achieving perfect teleportation. We discuss connection of our simple theory with the complicated rel...