Concurrency is enjoying a second (or third? fourth?) youth. This is triggered by an anticipated revolution in the evolution of computer architecture, from faster, single-processor chips, to multi-processor chips with more and more processors [6]. This change brings hopes that the limits of Moore’s law will be overcome, but also fears that programming will become even harder than it already is. ...

Imitation or learning by demonstration is one of the holy grails in robotics. Wouldn’t it be great to show a service robot how to do the laundry or to show an edutainment robot how to clear up the kids’ toys at the end of the day? However, the community is still at a stage where we can only dream from such applications. Most if not all researchers have been concentrating on sub problems of imit...

The vision of artificial intelligence (AI) is often manifested through an autonomous software module (agent) in a complex and uncertain environment. The agent is capable of thinking ahead and acting for long periods of time in accordance with its goals/objectives. It is also capable of learning and refining its understanding of the world. The agent may accomplish this based on its own experienc...

Robust models of stomatal conductance are greatly needed to predict plant-atmosphere interactions in a changing climate and to integrate new knowledge in physiology and ecological theory. Recent years have brought major advances in the experimental and theoretical understanding underpinning both processbased and optimality-based approaches to modeling stomatal function. I review these advances,...

The acquisition of a reliable and valid outcome measure in multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the holy grails for clinician researchers working in the field. The current standard for measuring MS-related disability is the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), a nonlinear scale ranging from 0 (normal neurologic examination) to 10 (death due to MS) [1]. Widely incorporated into MS clinical tria...

The editor and staff of the journal welcome you, our readers, back in 2014. We trust that you enjoy the spread before your eyes. Hailing from Angola, Magalhães et al. (page 27) looked at the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in employees of a university, and emphasise the importance of waist circumference (WC) cut-off values that are appropriate for a specific ethnic group. The investigators...

The core constructive task of the field of cryptography is that of creating cryptographic primitives (e.g. private-key encryption, public-key encryption, message authentication codes,...) with provable security guarantees. Where perfect (information theoretic) security is impossible, cryptographers must in practice necessarily rely on the assumption that some problem is hard to solve in nearly ...

Twitter is among the commonest sources of data employed in social media research mainly because of its convenient APIs to collect tweets. However, most researchers do not have access to the expensive Firehose and Twitter Historical Archive, and they must rely on data collected with free APIs whose representativeness has been questioned. In 2010 the Library of Congress announced an agreement wit...

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Every major change in the living standards for humans on our planet has had an energy revolution at its heart – the advent of the industrial age with the steam engine and use of coal, the internal combustion engine and large-scale electricity generation. The energy demand, primarily from emerging economies, will double by 2050. The countervailing urgency of the threat of climate change requires...