Recent  research  in  interlanguage  pragmatics  (ILP)  has  substantiated  that  some  aspects  of pragmatics are amenable to instruction in the second or foreign language classroom. However, there  are  still  controversies  over  the  most  conducive  teaching  approaches  and  the  required materials.  Therefore,  this  study  aims  to  investigate  the  relative  effectiveness  of  conscio...

INTRODUCTION Based largely on the writings of educational philosopher and activist Paulo Freire (see, e.g. 1970, 1977, 1989, 1993), educational researchers have demonstrated the contemporary relevance of dialogic and critical pedagogy to teachers and students of all ages, especially in urban schools (Cammarota & Fine, 2008; Darder, Baltodano, & Torres, 2003; DuncanAndrade & Morrell, 2008; Gay, ...

It is substantiated that particular features of pragmatics are teachable, and instruction is both necessary and effective. Determining what kind of intervention is most effectual for facilitating learners’ pragmatic development has been a central issue for researchers. To respond to the inconclusive findings in intervention studies and to extend the instructional studies in L2 pragmatics to les...

From a processing point of view, however, flexible categorial systems are problematic, since they introduce spurious ambiguity. In this paper, we present a flexible categorial grammar which makes extensive use of the p roduc t -ope ra to r , f i rs t in t roduced by Lambek (1958). The grammar has the property that for every reading of a sentence, a strictly left-branching derivation can be give...

This study investigated the comparative effect of consciousness raising tasks on the reading comprehen- sion ability of the high and low risk-taking English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. To achieve the purpose of this study, 106 students from the Shahid Sattary University in Tehran were selected from among a total number of 150 based on their performance on the Preliminary English T...