Two studies tested the intergroup contact hypothesis in the context of the grandparent-grandchild relationship. The hypothesis suggests that contact with an out-group member has more influence on attitudes toward the out-group when group memberships are salient. In Study 1, the predicted link was found but only for grandparents with whom the grandchild had more frequent contact. The second stud...

Group salience is a key variable both in influencing quality of intergroup contact and in moderating the effects of intergroup contact on prejudicial attitudes. Two studies uncovered the communicative dimensions associated with evaluations of age salience in the grandparent–grandchild relationship, and we investigated the extent to which communication dimensions predicted various measures of sa...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Grandparent-adult grandchild relationships are becoming longer and more common, and therefore potentially more influential in the lives of individuals. This study examined the influence of solidarity (i.e., affinity, contact, and functional exchange) in the grandparent-adult grandchild relationship upon the depressive symptoms of both members of the dyad. DESIGN AND METHO...

OBJECTIVES Although many have examined the linkages between smoking behaviors across 2 generations, few have examined these linkages among 3 generations. METHODS U.S. population representative data for 3 generations are drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) in order to examine whether smoking behaviors are passed down from generation to generation and the magnitude of the influ...

Recent research has examined the role of parental wealth in determining children's outcomes and experiences, along with the distribution of assets and wealth across families in the United States (Conley 1999; Caner and Wolff, 2004; and Gittleman and Wolff, 2004, for example). This paper shifts the focus to the grandparent branch of the family tree. The paper argues that limiting one's study to ...

To investigate the effect of canthaxanthin supplied via a maternal route on the production of both breeder hens and chickens, 270 Chinese Three-Yellow breeder hens were randomly divided into 2 groups consisting of 135 birds each (5 replicates of 27) for study. The breeder hens were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 6 mg of canthaxanthin/kg for 24 wk. At the end of the ...

Very few studies have examined quality of life (QOL) in elderly carers of orphaned children in African settings. This study explored sociodemographic factors and health-related characteristics that influence QOL of grandparent carers in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional study stratified by district was done to collect information on socioeconomic factors, health-related characteristics, and QOL of gr...

India has long pursued a fast breeder program, motivated in part by the availability of only poor quality uranium resources within the country. But progress so far has been disappointing, with only one test reactor having been constructed and having a chequered operating history. The larger Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor that is being constructed has a design that compromises safety and will pr...

In this paper, the discrete element method (DEM) approach has been applied to study mechanical behaviors of ceramic breeder ebble beds. Directly simulating the contact state of each individual particle by the physically based interaction laws, the DEM umerical program is capable of predicting the mechanical behaviors of non-standard packing structures. The program can also rovide the data to tr...