BACKGROUND Homeobox (HOX) genes encode transcription factors, which regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. The deregulation of HOX genes is frequently associated with human reproductive system disorders. However, knowledge regarding the role of HOX genes in human granulosa cells is limited. METHODS To determine the role of HOXA7 in the regulation and associated...

We report a case of adult granulosa cell tumor arising in the scrotal tunics. The patient was a 34-year-old man who presented with right scrotal swelling, first noticed four months previously. Under the initial clinical impression of epididymoorchitis, antibiotic treatment was instituted but there was no response. The paratesticular nodules revealed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging ...

Acute abdomen with hemoperitoneum is a very rare entity in postmenopausal women due to gynecologic conditions. A 54-year-old, postmenopausal woman was brought to emergency department with severe abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed acute abdomen findings with 15 cm pelvic mass on the right adnexal region. Immediate exploratory laparotomy was performed. During laparotomy 1000 cc of bloo...

INTRODUCTION If strict criteria for the diagnosis of carcinoma are used and all patients with granulosa cell tumors are considered, the best estimate of the incidence of associated endometrial carcinomas is under 5%. In patients with granulosa cell tumors, estrogen-dependent endometrial cancers are rarely found, and most of these endometrial cancers are well-differentiated endometrioid adenocar...

BACKGROUND: Granulosa cell tumors are rare sex cord stromal lesions that comprise approximately 3% of all ovarian neoplasms. The vast majority of granulosa cell tumors are considered indolent but in spite of aggressive management, delayed recurrence is of significant concern. CASE REPORT: We describe a case involving a 67-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, bloody stools, and mild...

A 7½-year-old girl is reported showing pre­cocious puberty and large abdominal mass for a year. The right ovarial cyst removed by surgery revealed histopathologically a granu­losa cell tumor. After removal of the tumor the estrogens were still increased and the signs of puberty showed no regression. This seems to be due to the hormonal activity of the metas­tases. Liver metastasis was present a...

Testicular granulosa cell tumors are extremely rare in adults. We report a case of a testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) in a 21-year-old man. The tumor was treated successfully with radical orchiectomy, and follow-up computed tomography revealed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 10 months postoperatively. The clinical and histopathological features, treatment, and prognosis of testicular GC...

Granulosa cell tumors are representative of estrogenic ovarian tumors, and some Sertoli-stromal cell tumors are also estrogenic. The exact cells that are responsible for estrogenesis, however, have yet to be identified. In the present study, 25 sex cord-stromal tumors (20 granulosa cell tumors, 4 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, and a Sertoli cell tumor) were immunohistochemically examined for expre...