This paper presents a methodology using Gravitational Search Algorithm for optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in order to achieve complete observability of the power system. The objective of proposed algorithm is to minimize the total number of PMUs at the power system buses, which in turn minimize installation cost of the PMUs. In this algorithm, the searcher agents are colle...

In this paper, we propose an improved gravitational search algorithm named GSABC. The algorithm improves gravitational search algorithm (GSA) results improved by using artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) to solve constrained numerical optimization problems. In GSA, solutions are attracted towards each other by applying gravitational forces, which depending on the masses assigned to the soluti...

This paper presents a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for solving the combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) problem in power systems. Numerical results for the standard IEEE 30-bus six-generator test system have been presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed approach. The results obtained are compared to those reported in the recent literature. Thos...