As we saw last week, the worldwide scientific community has reached consensus that global warming is inevitable if humans continue to dump "greenhouse gases" into the atmosphere at anything like present rates. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and a few others. These gases act like the glass covering a greenhouse, letting sunlight in but...

1) there is a natural greenhouse effect that keeps the world warmer than it otherwise would be; 2) greenhouse gases are increasing in the atmosphere because of human activities and they are trapping increasingly more heat; 3) there is a collective picture of a warming world and humans have likely contributed; and 4) continued increase in greenhouse gases is projected to lead to increases in sea...

OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of adjunctive right prefrontal high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment in adolescent mania patients as compared to sham stimulation. METHODS Twenty six right handed patients aged 12-17 years diagnosed with bipolar mania were randomized to receive daily sessions of active or sham rTMS (20 Hz, 110% of motor threshold, 20 tra...

Volume 2 • Issue 1 • 1000e104 Adv Dairy Res ISSN: 2329-888X ADR, an open access journal Although water vapour is the largest and essential greenhouse gas inclusive of ozone in the stratosphere, the mitigation of anthropogenic six greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons have been established as legally binding...

A primitive economic model with classical population theory is constructed in order to examine the greenhouse effect on the sustainability of human population as well as the environmental tax when the sustainability is in danger. The conclusion of this paper is that when the negative effect is small, the tax can guarantee the sustainability, where the effective tax rate interval for the sustain...

Agricultural ecosystems are important contributors to atmospheric greenhouse gasses (GHGs); however, in situ winter emission data in saline-alkali fields are scarce. Gas samples were collected during different periods, from three rice (R1–R3) and three maize (M1–M3) fields with different soil pH levels and salinity conditions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the rice and maize fields decrease...

In Reply:—Drs. Parker and Behringer correctly point out that in our review on the potential toxic effects of nitrous oxide we did not cover its contribution to the greenhouse effect; this omission was predicated by considerations of space, direct relevance to patient care, and a lack of relevant data that is less than 20 yr old. Correctly, Drs. Parker and Behringer indicate that nitrous oxide c...

Observations of the clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation and sea surface temperature are combined to examine the evolution of the tropical greenhouse effect from colder La Niña conditions in early 1985 to warmer El Niño conditions in late 1987. Although comparison of individual months can suggest a decrease in greenhouse trapping from cold to warm conditions, when the entire 4-yr record is con...

We offer some remarks on the greenhouse effect due to high clouds which reflect thermal infrared radiation, but do not absorb or emit it. Such clouds are an idealization of the CO2-ice clouds which are thought to have existed early in the history of Mars. Clouds of this type enter also in the ability of the Earth to recover from a globally glaciated "cold start," and in the determination of hab...

Human activity since the industrial revolution has had the effect of increasing atmospheric concentrations of gases with a greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), leading to climate warming and weather changes (Bryant, 1997; Jepma and Munasinghe, 1998). Because of its relative abundance compared with the other greenhouse gases, CO2 is by far the most important, being ...