In order to equalize the electric potential distribution of the grounding grid surface, and improve the safety level of the grounding grid, method for optimal arrangement of conducts in the grounding grid is proposed in this paper. The calculation results about maximum touch voltages and mesh potentials show that the method can reduce touch voltage and equilibrium surface potential. It is shown...

Grounding provides safety and in some cases a return circuit for load currents and also an uniform distribution of the voltage on the surface of the earth at power plants. If grounding conductors are damaged, it may cause unintended protective relay operation causing feeders to be tripped. It can also result in failure of the grounding device itself, secondary circuits’ cables and structural el...

This paper argues that for the study and facilitation of collaborative learning, existing theories of grounding such as that of Clark and Shaefer [5] cannot be applied without adjustments. When comparing collaborative learning and conversation, four dimensions can be identified where grounding at a knowledge level differs from the grounding at an utterance level. Firstly, the indirect access an...

Event grounding aims at linking mention references in text corpora to events from a knowledge base (KB). Previous work on this task focused primarily single KB event, thereby overlooking the hierarchical aspects of events. Events documents are typically described various levels spatio-temporal granularity. These relations utilized downstream tasks narrative understanding and schema construction...

This paper argues that for the study and facilitation of collaborative learning, existing theories of grounding such as that of Clark & Brennan [5] cannot be applied without adjustments. When comparing collaborative learning and conversation, four dimensions can be identified where grounding at a knowledge level differs from the grounding at an utterance level. Firstly, the indirect access and ...

In the last years the authors have developed a numerical formulation based on the Boundary Element Method for the analysis of grounding systems embedded in uniform soils. This approach has been implemented in a CAD system that currently allows to analyze real grounding grids in real-time in personal computers. The extension of this approach for the grounding analysis in layered soils is straigh...

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed to reduce the peak transient grounding resistance (P-TGR) of a grounding system. By surrounding the lifting line with a material volume, the P-TGR of the grounding system is greatly reduced. The effect of the surrounding volume conductivity and relative permittivity on the P-TGR is also tested. Second, the rectangular surrounding material volume is...

Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marinetype ice sheets are investigated numerically. Buttressing effects are analysed for a situation where a stable grounding line is located on a bed sloping upwards in the direction of flow. Such grounding-line positions are known to be unconditionally unstable in the absence of transverse flow variations. It is shown that ice-shelf buttressing can r...