Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) started to be developed by Europeans when the removal of many European trade barriers (encouraging business travel) intensified the need to provide “communications without boundaries”. In 1982, European Posts and Telecommunications Conference (CEPT) allocated two 25 MHz blocks of channels for a future Pan-European Cellular System. A special group wa...

In this article, we study the reliability of the GSM-R system against the electromagnetic (EM) disturbances present in its railway operating environment. We thus first present the results of electromagnetic environment characterization campaigns on board moving trains in EM conditions representative of those met during a train journey. Then, we describe a new experimental protocol that has been...

The business artifact (a.k.a. business entity) approach to modeling and implementing business operations and processes is based on a holistic marriage of data and process and enables a factoring of business operations based on key business-relevant conceptual entities. The recently introduced Guard-StageMilestone (GSM) artifact meta-model provides a hierarchical and declarative basis for specif...

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is one of the most commonly used cellular technologies in the world. One of the objectives in mobile communication systems is the security of the exchanged data. GSM employs many cryptographic algorithms for security like A5/1, A5/2 and A5/3. Even so, these algorithms do not provide sufficient level of security for protecting the confidentiality of ...

The GSM cellular system is one of the most popular 2G/2.5G/2.75G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. One of the most attractive features of GSM cellular system is handoff. It is the process of continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without call termination. Usually, continuous service is achieved by p...

The GSM framework provides a methodology for the development of artifact-centric systems, an increasingly popular paradigm in service-oriented computing. In this paper we tackle the problem of verifying GSM programs in a multi-agent system setting. We provide an embedding from GSM into a suitable multi-agent systems semantics for reasoning about knowledge and time at the first-order level. Whil...

Introduction. The giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) is a species of great abundance and considered as potential resource to meet the demand for protein in Peru. Giant meal represents an alternative traditional proteins which can be used food fortification. Objective. To optimize extraction process identification soluble from (GSM). Materials methods. This study was conducted at Universidad Nacional...

This paper investigates the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in shaping the GSM industry. This industry is an example of a high-tech industry in which standards play a large role. In the process of designing the GSM standard, a lot of attention has been given to IPRs, mainly to avoid a situation in which a single IPR holder could hamper or even totally block the development of the st...

This study investigates the performance of GSM and Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) mobile communication systems operating in both Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and Rayleigh fading channels. This investigation presents the characteristics of the bit error rate (BER) for conventional GSM and GSM/EDGE MCS-1 and GSM/EDGE MCS-7 systems. These characteristics are compared f...