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Clustering is an important data exploration task. A prominent clustering algorithm is agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Roughly, in each iteration, it merges the closest pair of clusters. It was rst proposed way back in 1951, and since then there have been numerous mod-iications. Some of its good features are: a natural, simple, and non-parametric grouping of similar objects which is capab...

Deprotonation of the alkoxysulfonium intermediate has been shown to be rate-determining in the Swern oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Directly following this rate-determining step is the intramolecular syn-β-elimination of the ylide. In the present study, intramolecular (2)H kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) are used to gain insight into this syn-β-elimination step. As a result of the stereogenic sulf...

Kinetic substituent effects have been used to examine the catalytic reaction profile of xylose reductase from the yeast Candida tenuis, a representative aldo/keto reductase of primary carbohydrate metabolism. Michaelis-Menten parameters (k(cat) and K(m)) for NADH-dependent enzymic aldehyde reductions have been determined using a homologous series of benzaldehyde derivatives in which substituent...

An isothermal truncation of the electromagnetic gyrofluid model of Snyder and Hammett Phys. Plasmas 8, 3199 2001 is shown to be Hamiltonian. The corresponding noncanonical Lie–Poisson bracket and its Casimir invariants are presented. The invariants are used to obtain a set of coupled Grad–Shafranov equations describing equilibria and propagating coherent structures. © 2009 American Institute of...