We investigated recognition and identification of wine-relevant odours as a function of domain-specific expertise. Eleven wine experts and 11 wine novices participated in tasks measuring olfactory threshold, odour recognition, odour identification, and consistency of odour naming. Twenty-four wine-relevant odorants were sampled orthonasally by each participant in the semantic (identification; c...

Introduction. Four novices to Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) image review were provided a brief lecture on the interpretation of iVue iWellnessExam™ findings (available on iVue® SD-OCT, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA). For a cohort of 126 (Confirmed) Normal, 101 (Confirmed) Disease subjects, iWellnessExam™ OD, OS, and OU reports were provided. Each novice independently review...

This article examines an autonomous virtual patient (AVP) system for identifying differences between novices and experts in dentistry. The two groups in the study were ten boarded or board-eligible experts (seven males, three females; mean±sd age 40±11) and twenty-six fourth-year dental students (fifteen males, eleven females; mean±sd age 27±3), who were defined as novices. All participants int...

The aims of this study were to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural bases for perceptual-cognitive superiority in a hockey anticipation task. Thirty participants (15 hockey players, 15 non-hockey players) lay in an MRI scanner while performing a video-based task in which they predicted the direction of an oncoming shot in either a hockey or a badminton scenario. Video...

This study uses eye-tracking to investigate the differences in the way professional astrophysicists and novices observe simulations of galactic events. The results of this study provide insight into which aspects of the data are important and allow us to tailor the visualizations for a specific group. We hypothesized that the gaze patterns of professionals and novices would vary considerably. A...

It has been well established that experts and novices focus on different aspects of problems, with novices focusing more on surface features rather than on deep principled features of a problem. What is less clear are the mechanisms that underlie these differences in construal of problem representation. The current study, which uses an ‘old/new’ recognition procedure, examines expert and novice...