Background: Entecavir (ETV) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). However, whether ETV is helpful recovery T cell immune function remains unclear. Objectives: We aimed to assess effects on serum HBV-DNA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) patients with infection. Methods: The data 300 HBV admitted from January 2017 2019 were retrospectively ana...

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral agent that utilizes the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for cell to cell propagation. In infected human hepatocytes, the HDV RNA genome can replicate and associate with multiple copies of the delta protein to assemble a ribonucleoprotein (RNP). However the RNP cannot exit the cell because of the lack of an export system. This is pro...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA. The first step of HBV genome replication is the encapsidation of the pregenomic RNA encoding the encapsidation signal, termed epsilon, into the core particles, which is preceded by recognition and binding of HBV DNA polymerase to epsilon. The pregenomic RNA contains two identical epsilon elem...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a para-retrovirus or retroid virus that contains a double-stranded DNA genome and replicates this DNA via reverse transcription of a RNA pregenome. Viral reverse transcription takes place within a capsid upon packaging of the RNA and the viral reverse transcriptase. A major characteristic of HBV replication is the selection of capsids containing the double-stranded DN...

BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection could activate the immune system and induce extensive inflammatory response. As the most important inflammatory factor, interleukins are critical for anti-viral immunity. Here we investigated whether interleukin-34 (IL-34) play a role in HBV infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we first found that both serum IL-34 and IL-34 ...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen. In this study, we found that miR-204 and miR-1236 were down-regulated in HBV-producing cells, and each could suppress HBV replication. Using a bioinformatic approach and a reporter assay, we identified miR-1236, which can reduce HBV replication and protein production by directly targeting at HBV specific mRNA. In contrast, miR-204 was identifie...

BACKGROUND While prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) who are undergoing dialysis has decreased significantly during the past few decades, it still remains a distinct clinical problem. The immunosuppressive nature of renal disease often leads to chronicity of the HBV infection and an opportunity for nosocomial spread of the infection among dialys...

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in two hospitals Riyadh, as well judge best type tests ensure blood transfusion safety. By using serological nucleic acid test (NAT) tests, these donors were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV), B (HBV), T-lymphotropic 1 (HTLV-1), 2 (HTLV-2), syphilis, mala...

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is one of the major oncogenic pathways and is activated in many types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. It can also be activated by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein. In the present study, we set out to determine the regulatory effects of this pathway on the replicatio...

Background: HBV and HCV coinfection is common, particularly in endemic areas and among high risk groups. In this study we have investigated the prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection and compared the biochemical and serological characteristics of such patients compare with the patients having hepatitis C infection alone. Methods: We studied 207 patients diagnosed as having chronic hepatitis C, with ...