In this paper, an extreme learning machine with an automatic segmentation algorithm is applied to heart disorder classification by heart sound signals. From continuous heart sound signals, the starting points of the first (S1) and the second heart pulses (S2) are extracted and corrected by utilizing an inter-pulse histogram. From the corrected pulse positions, a single period of heart sound sig...

One hundred normal subjects, mean age 51, who had had a simultaneous phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram at rest and after a double Master's test had a maximal treadmill stress test. Thirteen of 100 normal people (13%) had an abnormal maximal treadmill stress test with at least 1.0 mm of ischemic ST-segment depression. Ten of 29 normal subjects (34%) with a fourth heart sound and four of 11 n...

The present study investigates the relation of perceived arousal (continuous self-rating), autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate, heart rate variability) and musical characteristics (sound intensity, musical rhythm) upon listening to a complex musical piece. Twenty amateur musicians listened to two performances of Chopin's "Tristesse" with different rhythmic shapes. Besides conventional...

Segmentation of the phonocardiogram into its major sound components is the first step in the automated diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities. Almost all of the existing phonocardiogram segmentation algorithms utilize absolute amplitude or frequency characteristics of heart sounds, which vary from one cardiac cycle to the other and across different patients. The objective of this work is to provide...

Extra diastolic heart sounds are produced as a result of increased stiffness and decreased compliance of the left ventricle. The third heart sound (S3) occurs 0.12 to 0.16 seconds after the second heart sound in early diastole (Figure 1). Of the many proposed theories, the most likely explanation is that excessive rapid fi lling of a stiff ventricle is suddenly halted, causing vibrations that a...

The value of change of posture in discriminating between the various added heart sounds has not been generally recognized. Moreover, apart from Evans' study in 1943, the influence of heart failure on the results has received little attention. Thayer (1909) stated that the physiological third heart sound was rarely heard in the erect posture, and Boyer, Eckstein, and Wiggers (1940) could record ...

To evaluate the significance of audible gallop sounds in the right supraclavicular fossa we performed simultaneous external heart sound recordings at 50 and 100 Hz at the left ventricular apex, left sternal border, and right supraclavicular fossa in 50 patients with audible gallop sounds at the left ventricular apex. In each patient heart sounds were recorded with a simultaneous jugular phlebog...

The disappearance of a third heart sound in a case of calcific pericarditis after surgery together with a quantitative study of the time and frequency relations of the third heart sound in 70 cases suggests that the tensing of the pericardium is a factor in its production. The frequency characteristics of the third heart sound are such that it may be identified in the presence of a diastolic mu...