Advanced remote sensing technology has provided spatially distributed variables for estimating land–ocean heat fluxes, allowing practical applications in drought monitoring, water resources management, and climate assessment. This Special Issue includes several research studies using state-of-the-art algorithms downward longwave radiation, surface net latent flux, columnar atmospheric vapor, fr...

Tactile sensing is required for assistant robots. A new stacked sensor head was proposed which detects forces and thermal sensations with a nerve-net LSI chip. To measure temperatures and heat flows, the sensor head required a thin and small heater to heat up the sensor head. The features of the polyimide heater are compact, low heat capacity, low power consumption and ease of attaching it to t...

Porous ZnO nanocrystalline films have been widely used in optoelectronic and gas-sensing applications. However, the effect mechanisms of the external fields, such as light, heat and atmosphere, are still controversial. In this work, the multi-variable coupling effects of the UV light, heat and oxygen were thoroughly studied by a newly proposed method, the central idea of which was to first isol...

Sensing a sudden change of the growth temperature, all living organisms produce heat shock proteins or cold shock proteins to adapt to a given temperature. In a heat shock response, the heat shock sigma factor plays a major role in the induction of heat shock proteins including molecular chaperones and proteases, which are well-conserved from bacteria to human. In contrast, no such a sigma fact...

For a better understanding of the mechanisms behind cellular functions, quantification of the heterogeneity in an organism or cells is essential. Recently, the importance of quantifying temperature has been highlighted, as it correlates with biochemical reaction rates. Several methods for detecting intracellular temperature have recently been established. Here we develop a novel method for sens...

The development of a galactose-capped gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor for the detection of the lectin heat-labile enterotoxin is reported. Heat-labile enterotoxin is one of the pathogenic agents responsible for the intestinal disease called 'traveller's diarrhoea'. By means of specific interaction between galactose moieties attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles and receptors...

Thermal sensors based on thermopiles are some of the most robust and popular temperature sensing technologies across industries and research disciplines. A chip calorimeter with a 3D thermopile layout with a large sensing area and multichannel capacity has been developed, which is highly desired for many applications requiring large reaction chambers or high throughputs, such as biofilm researc...

The design, construction, and performance of a tactile sensor and a thermal sensor that can be combine into one compact device with both modalities is discussed. The tactile sensing portion is composed of an 8 x 8 array of force sensing cells with 1.8 mm center to center spacing. Heat transduction is measured by a 4 X 4 array of temperature sensors. A number of these devices will be mounted on ...

We present a novel fabric-based multimodal tactile sensing skin with three sensing modalities: force, actively heated temperature sensors to measure heat transfer and passive, unheated temperature sensors. In our evaluation, the skin recognized two materials during pressing and sliding tasks. Our method thermally distinguished pine wood from aluminum after detecting the contact force. With a su...

Anthropogenic heat (AH) significantly impacts urban climates. Although combining the surface energy balance (SEB) with remote sensing data (RS-SEB) is promising for AH quantification, it has been shown to yield paradoxical low values in centers. Some speculation on causes underestimation appeared literature; however, none verified or thoroughly evaluated, largely hindering further improvement o...