We investigate the metal enrichment of elliptical galaxies in the framework of hierarchical models of galaxy formation. The semi-analytical model we use in this Letter, which has been used to study the metal enrichment of the intracluster medium (ICM) by Nagashima et al., includes the effects of flows of gas and metals both into and out of galaxies and the processes of metal enrichment due to b...

We present the kinematics and photometry of the stars and of the ionized gas near the centre of the S0 galaxy NGC4036. Dynamical models based on the Jeans Equation have been constructed from the stellar data to determine the gravitational potential in which the ionized gas is expected to orbit. Inside 10 ′′ , the observed gas rotation curve falls well short of the predicted circular velocity. O...

background : heavy metals and pah s in flue gas have received considerable attention in recent years due to their mutagenic or carcinogenic properties. pah s are products of incomplete combustion of carbonaceous compounds at high temperatures. heavy metals are released into the ambient air from the same sources as those earlier mentioned for pah s . the present study was carried out to investig...

We study a simple stochastic differential equation that models the dispersion of close heavy particles moving in a turbulent flow. In one and two dimensions, the model is closely related to the one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation in a random δ-correlated potential. The ergodic properties of the dispersion process are investigated by proving that its generator is hypoelliptic and usi...

This paper is concerned with the derivation of new generalized heavy gas models for the infinite medium neutron energy spectrum equation. Our approach is general and can be used to derive improved Fokker-Planck approximations for other types of kinetic equations. In this paper we obtain two distinct heavy gas models, together with estimates for the corresponding errors. The models are shown in ...

Within the framework of a relativistic transport model (ART) for heavy-ion collisions at AGS energies, we examine the effects of kaon dispersion relation on the transverse flow of kaons and their transverse momentum and azimuthal angle distributions. We find that the transverse flow is the most sensitive observable for studying the kaon dispersion relation in dense medium.

Abstract This paper reviewed the studies of livestock odour dispersion modeling including odor sources, odor emission rate, odor characteristics and measurements, odor dispersion modeling methods, and methods and results of adapting industrial air dispersion models for livestock odor dispersion simulations. The Gaussian plume models, Puff models, Fluctuating models and other models that have be...

Hydrocarbon contamination of unsaturated soils has been a serious environmental problem for decades. Two of the most common methods of remediating these sites are soil vapour extraction (SVE) and bioventing. Predictive models have been developed for the SVE and bioventing processes in order to estimate mass transfer coefficients for experimental systems and clean up times for field sites. These...

The effects of swirl and vaporization on droplet dispersion are investigated in the near region of a two-phase, swirling, heated jet. Simulations are based on the numerical solution of time-dependent, axisymmetric gas-phase equations.Droplets’ trajectories are tracked byusingaLagrangianapproach.Forall of the swirl cases investigated, the droplet dispersion exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior, with...

Noise is an audible acoustic energy that adversely affects the health, physiological and psychological well being of the individuals or populations. One of the major pollutants from gas flaring is the noise emanating from gas flaring stations in the Niger – Delta area of Nigeria. Noise dispersion produces many adverse effects on man and animals. Experimental analysis of noise dispersion and wea...