HEMA encodes glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR), which catalyzes the first step specific for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants, archaea, and most eubacteria. In higher plants, GluTR is feedback inhibited by heme and intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis. It plays a key role in controlling flux through the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway. This enzyme, which in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is e...

Amphiphilic polymer coatings were prepared by first generating surface-anchored polymer layers of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) on top of flat solid substrates followed by postpolymerization reaction on the hydroxyl terminus of HEMA's pendent group using three classes of fluorinating agents, including organosilanes, acylchlorides, and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The distributi...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the water absorption and the amount of hydroxyethyl metacrylate (HEMA) level released from various resin modified glass ionomer cements. METHODS Advance, Vitremer and Protec-Cem resin modified glass ionomer cements were used to evaluate the HEMA release. Ten specimens were fabricated from each cement in 10 x 1 mm height. Thirty specimens were i...

In the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, two genes, hemA and hemT, each encode a distinct 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase isozyme (E. L. Neidle and S. Kaplan, J. Bacteriol. 175:2292-2303, 1993). This enzyme catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in a branched pathway for tetrapyrrole formation, leading to the biosynthesis of hemes, bacteriochlorophylls, and corrinoids. ...

The immunostimulatory effects of the representative dental resin monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a HEMA derivative that does not contain a double bond (2-hydroxyethyl isobutyrate, HEIB), and polymerized water-soluble oligomers of HEMA (PHEMA) were investigated. It is known that expression levels of either or both of CD54 and CD86 in THP-1 cells are increased by exposure to sensitizi...

The surface of monodisperse silica particles synthesized using the Stober process were coated with a thin layer of polystyrene. Surface charge groups were attached by a grafting polymerization of styrene sulfonate. The resulting highly charged monodisperse silica particles self-assemble into crystalline colloidal arrays (CCA) in deionized water. We polymerized hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) a...

In an initial report (Carbonetto, S. T., M. M. Gruver, and D. C. Turner (1982) Science 216: 897-899) we described the use of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in preparing defined culture substrates for studying nerve fiber growth. In those studies fibronectin and collagen were conspicuous, among a variety of HEMA-embedded proteins, in supporting fiber growth of embryonic neurons from chick dor...

The functionalizing of a fiber surface by chemical may alter the physical and biological properties fiber. functionalization polypropylene (PP) selected monomers (1) acrylic acid (AA), (2) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), (3) 2-dimethyl amino ethyl (DMAEMA), (4) methyl acrylate (MA) studied using two different ultraviolet (UV) irradiation techniques, simultaneous UV (SUVF) pre-UV (PUV). Base...

Microgels are promising materials in drug delivery and biomedicine. Although monodisperse microgels would offer considerable advantages, most microgels investigated and used today are polydisperse in size. We report on the fabrication of 10 mum sized monodisperse microgels by emulsifying an aqueous dextran-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (dex-HEMA) phase within an oil phase at the junction of microfl...

pH-Sensitive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) nanoparticles were prepared for the triggered release of paclitaxel within a tumor microenvironment. Tumors exhibit a lower extracellular pH than normal tissues. We show that paclitaxel release from DMAEMA/HEMA particles can be actively triggered by small, physiological changes in pH (within 0.2-0...