The effect of nickel on cadmium nephro-toxicity and hepato-toxicity in rats was investigated. The administration of nickel (6 mg per kg, i.p., three days) or cadmium (6 mg per kg, i.m., once) significantly enhanced the urinary excretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), amino acids, and proteins. In addition, it increased the ...

Cyclosporine-A is a highly potent immunosuppressive agent for solid organ transplantation, but has many side effects including nephrotoxicity, hypertension, gum hyperplasia, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity is a less known toxic effect. The pathogenesis of this effect is unclear. However, it has been postulated that hypomagnesemia, hypocholesterolemia, corticosteroids, and/or ne...

The qualification of biomarkers of drug safety requires data on many compounds and nonclinical and clinical studies. The cost and effort associated with these qualifications cannot be easily covered by a single pharmaceutical company. Intellectual property associated with safety biomarkers is also held by many different companies. Consortia between different pharmaceutical companies can overcom...

Abstract Background Drug metabolism is crucial to attaining the therapeutic index of any drug. The and elimination drugs are governed mainly by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Cytochrome P450 (CYP). Paracetamol mostly used as analgesic antipyretic agent. paracetamol primarily via Glucuronidation sulphation at doses. About 5–10% metabolized CYP mediated pathway. 2E1 (CYP2E1) responsible for forming a toxi...

Objective: In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the COVID 19 treatment protocols applied in our hospital terms of side effects and 28-day mortality. Methods: All 621 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 treated with any drugs were included study. Inclusion criteria for hospitalization diagnosis being over 18 years old. The divided into 4 groups according treatments again...

Chemotherapy is one of the basic methods cancer treatment, which uses compounds with a broad spectrum activity. Among diverse group cytostatic drugs, platinum derivatives play an important role in therapy, including cisplatin. Cisplatin first generation drug approved medicine 1980s. The mechanism anti-tumor activity cisplatin based on pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative Cisplatin, through forma...

The present study examined the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of morphine and illicit street heroin and their amelioration by a standardized methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri (L.) (mBME) in rats. Morphine or street heroin was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 14 and 21 days. mBME (40 mg/kg) or ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg) was administered two hours before morphine or street heroin. High...

Objectives:The present work was aimed to study the phytochemical composition of the Sapindus laurifolius leaves and toxicological effect of the Sapindus laurifolius leaf extract in a systematic way using Wistar albino rats as a model animal. Materials and Methods :The identification of phytoconstituents present in the leaf extract was performed using High performance thin layer chromatography (...