In this paper we study a behavioral model of conflict that provides a basis for choosing certain indices of dispersion as indicators for conflict. We show that the (equilibrium) level of conflict can be expressed as an (approximate) linear function of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman fractionalization index, and a specific measure of polarization due to Esteban and Ray. JEL-Classi...

Risk analysis depends to a large extent on the type of data. Aggregate data can serve as a useful surrogate for individual data. However, in practice, there is uncertainty on the reliability and adequacy of aggregated data. In this paper we estimate the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for a loan portfolio using both aggregate data and individual data. Then, we compare both estimates to assess ...

We study gatekeeping physicians' referrals of patients to specialty care. We derive theoretical results when competition in the physician market intensifies. First, due to competitive pressure, physicians refer patients to specialty care more often. Second, physicians earn more by treating patients themselves, so refer patients to specialty care less often. We assess empirically the overall eff...

In this review, we describe the creation of a large database of thermoelectric materials prepared by abstracting information from over 100 publications. The database has over 18 000 data points from multiple classes of compounds, whose relevant properties have been measured at several temperatures. Appropriate visualization of the data immediately allows certain insights to be gained with regar...

This paper explores the effect of competition on prices and frequencies for Interurban rail market in Europe. Intramodal is assessed by Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). Intermodal takes into account new types service such as coach carpooling services. The originality analysis stems from method database used. results show that intra-modal has a significant impact but not economy class because o...

Abstract The relative importance of key state-level outcomes upon U.S. national corn and soybean production was examined using correlated component regression , a recently developed technique for application to multicollinear sparse data sets. Standardized coefficients were used rank the states’ importance. A Herfindahl-Hirschman Index measure degree concentration among top ranked states. empir...

We investigate mergers in markets where quality differences between products are central and firms may reposition their product lines by adding or removing of different qualities following a merger. Such materially from those studied the existing literature. Mergers without synergies exhibit product-mix effect which raises consumer surplus, but only when pre-merger industry structure satisfies ...

The land-use mix index is a way to quantify the mixture of patterns. Due practical limitations, few studies have highlighted validity indices. This paper aims explore potential characteristics indices using three-step screening method. data precision was concluded after first-step screening. A total 10 virtual blocks and 217 in Melbourne city center served as case study reflected various struct...

Market concentration ratios are popular statistics for characterizing the extent of market dominance in an imperfectly competitive market, but these ratios may not agree when comparing two markets. Neither do they necessarily agree with the Herfindahl-Hirschman or entropy indices. This letter compares two Cournot oligopoly markets in which firms have constant unit costs. It is shown that the ma...

Economists have long used state-collected discharge data to construct Hirschman-Herfindahl (HH) indices measuring hospital competition. Since data are collected to determine the facility providing the service rather than ownership, the difference between the number of reporting facilities and the number of competitors has grown over time due to mergers and networking activities. Consequently, t...